English III A Dark Romanticism Topic Exam 100% Flashcard

English III A Dark Romanticism Topic Exam 100%

Free Essays on James Joyce

James Joyce’s Revolutionary Style The works of Irish writer James Joyce are distinguished by their keen psychological insight and use of various literary techniques. The Irish novelist revolutionized the treatment of plot and characterization in fiction. No doubt, James Joyce became one of the most influential writers of the 1900’s. Many critics consider William Shakespeare his only rival as a master of the English language. According to Harvard students Nick Smith and Olivia Verma, â€Å"With his inventive narrative style and engagement themes, Joyce had established himself as a leading Modernist† (Biography of James Joyce 1 of 2). His works reflect the Irish experience and contribute to the national literature. Joyce saw himself as advancing beyond into the future of literature. Joyce was born in a Dublin suburb on February 2, 1882 and was the eldest of ten children. He wrote all his works about that city, though he lived outside Ireland from 1904 on. He believed that Ireland’s strict nationalistic and religious attitudes prevented writers from portraying Irish life realistically. He lived and wrote in Paris, Rome, Trieste, and Zurich and returned to Ireland only twice, briefly in 1909 and 1912 (Columbia Electronic encyclopedia 1 of 2). Joyce suffered a painful eye disease for most of his adult life and became almost blind despite many operations (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001). Nick Smith and Olivia Verma, authors of Grade Saver, believe that â€Å"Joyce heavily relied upon the emotional support of Nora Barnacle, his unmarried Irish lover, as well as the financial support of his younger brother, Stanislaus Joyce† (Biography of James Joyce 1 of 2). James Joyce was educated at Jesuit schools. He went to the Clongowes Wood College in Clane from 1881 to 1891. Afterward, he attended Belverde College in Dublin from 1893 to 1899. Joyce ended college at University College in Dublin in 1902 (Columbia Electronic... Free Essays on James Joyce Free Essays on James Joyce James Joyce’s Revolutionary Style The works of Irish writer James Joyce are distinguished by their keen psychological insight and use of various literary techniques. The Irish novelist revolutionized the treatment of plot and characterization in fiction. No doubt, James Joyce became one of the most influential writers of the 1900’s. Many critics consider William Shakespeare his only rival as a master of the English language. According to Harvard students Nick Smith and Olivia Verma, â€Å"With his inventive narrative style and engagement themes, Joyce had established himself as a leading Modernist† (Biography of James Joyce 1 of 2). His works reflect the Irish experience and contribute to the national literature. Joyce saw himself as advancing beyond into the future of literature. Joyce was born in a Dublin suburb on February 2, 1882 and was the eldest of ten children. He wrote all his works about that city, though he lived outside Ireland from 1904 on. He believed that Ireland’s strict nationalistic and religious attitudes prevented writers from portraying Irish life realistically. He lived and wrote in Paris, Rome, Trieste, and Zurich and returned to Ireland only twice, briefly in 1909 and 1912 (Columbia Electronic encyclopedia 1 of 2). Joyce suffered a painful eye disease for most of his adult life and became almost blind despite many operations (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001). Nick Smith and Olivia Verma, authors of Grade Saver, believe that â€Å"Joyce heavily relied upon the emotional support of Nora Barnacle, his unmarried Irish lover, as well as the financial support of his younger brother, Stanislaus Joyce† (Biography of James Joyce 1 of 2). James Joyce was educated at Jesuit schools. He went to the Clongowes Wood College in Clane from 1881 to 1891. Afterward, he attended Belverde College in Dublin from 1893 to 1899. Joyce ended college at University College in Dublin in 1902 (Columbia Electronic... Free Essays on James Joyce When analyzing James Joyce’s writing it becomes apparent that the reader is confronting nothing short of perfection. His attention to detail as well as his ability to bring the reader along with him earns Joyce a rank amongst the masters. While many writers simple write, Joyce dances upon greatness supported by the beautifully sung lyrics of his voice. Amongst many other techniques, Joyce uses the terms â€Å"paralysis†, â€Å"epiphany† and â€Å"epiclesis† to draw readers into his world; the world of the people of Dublin. In his book Dubliners, Joyce writes to share with the rest of the world how he views this city and it’s citizens. It is easy to see that Joyce believed himself to be an artist or an ambassador whose responsibility it is to show the life of the people of his home: Dublin, Ireland. In Morris Beja’s book, James Joyce: A Literary Life, Beja recalls a letter from Joyce to Constantine P. Curran in which Joyce says, â€Å"I call the series Dubliners to betray the soul of that hemiplagia or paralysis which many consider a city.† (32) In Joyce’s book Dubliners Joyce captures the essence of the citizens of Dublin and in turn writes about their paralysis. The term â€Å"paralysis† can be defined as the state of being trapped or unable to change. Joyce tells the stories of many Dubliners who are bound by their own ideas of religion and what is right. They are stuck in their religion as well as their opposition to change. Joyce believes that the people of Dublin are caught in a vicious and self-destructive cycle. An example of this is the character Mr. Farrington in the stor y Counterparts. Continuously w! orrying about money and how he is going to feed his family, Mr. Farrington consoles his troubles by spending the little money that he does have at the pub. He returns home only to find that his wife is, as usual, at church and that his son let the fire go out. Mr. Farrington beats his son for this minor inciden...

The Impact of Perceived Organizational Justice on Contextual Dissertation

The Impact of Perceived Organizational Justice on Contextual Performance for the Employees in Al-Ayuni Company - Dissertation Example The following research deals with the concept of organizational justice, which is increasingly gaining importance in corporate spectrum. Employees’ perception about level and the nature of justice and fairness in an organization influence their performance, level of job satisfaction and trust towards management. Organizational justice can be defined as perception of employees in relation to fairness in decision-making, interactions, outcomes and procedures in relation to the organizational management. These perceptions are so powerful that they can alter one’s attitude for good and ill as numerous organizational conflicts have repeatedly shown that the an organization is as good as its employees. The strength of an organization remains in how well organized is the management structure and how transparent is the management towards the employees regarding any ongoing, past or upcoming issues within the organization. Along with this, it can influence employees’ perf ormance both negatively and positively and thus can have direct impact on organization’s success. It is also a part of sound managerial practices and its successful application brings fruitful results for the organization. The importance of organizational justice increase manifolds, especially considering the economical challenging environment of today’s highly competitive world. Any organization that is not fair and transparent while making decisions has few chances of sustaining in today’s market environment. ... In the last, research methodology of the dissertation is elaborated which is based on survey through questionnaire. 1.2 Background of the Dissertation The following dissertation deals with the concept of organizational justice, which is increasingly gaining importance in corporate spectrum. Employees’ perception about level and the nature of justice and fairness in an organization influence their performance, level of job satisfaction and trust towards management. Organizational justice can be defined as perception of employees in relation to fairness in decision-making, interactions, outcomes and procedures in relation to the organizational management (Colquitt, Greenberg and Zapata-Phelan, 2005). These perceptions are so powerful that they can alter one’s attitude for good and ill as numerous organizational conflicts have repeatedly shown that the an organization is as good as its employees. The strength of an organization remains in how well organized is the manageme nt structure and how transparent is the management towards the employees regarding any ongoing, past or upcoming issues within the organization. Along with this, it can influence employees’ performance both negatively and positively and thus can have direct impact on organization’s success. It is also a part of sound managerial practices and its successful application brings fruitful results for the organization. The importance of organizational justice increase manifolds, especially considering the economical challenging environment of today’s highly competitive world. Any organization that is not fair and transparent while making decisions has few chances of sustaining in today’s market environment. When employees feel

Drawing upon the historical lessons of the Reconstruction Era and Essay

Drawing upon the historical lessons of the Reconstruction Era and cotemporary times, what should the role of government be in society - Essay Example ng and vital role in defending the rights of minorities, and must take action to atone for the wrongs of its past (for instance, by not simply ending slavery but actively redressing its effects).; The problem, however, is that from both that time period and today show that the government cannot be fully trusted: it will always act in its own self-interest. One of the most important lessons from the reconstruction era is that the government, to actually make societal changes for the better, must work to actively redress the crimes of its past – this is something that was simply not done enough during the reconstruction era, to the detriment of America today. Slavery was a crime committed by the various governments of the United States for almost 100 years – a crime that led to millions of people suffering and dying needlessly.2 America fought the civil war, at least in part, to atone for these crimes. The government also passed â€Å"constitutional amendments, [and] laws for racial equity† following the Civil war, believing simply outlawing their past crime was enough to make up for it.3 The problem, however, was that this did little to actually make up for the crimes of the past – black Americans were still widely discriminated against, and still relied on â€Å"privileged whites†4 for their work and sustenance – and if they tried to stand up against those whites they could be fired, deprived from work, otherwise harassed or even suffer violence.5 This led to black Americans having generation after generation of oppressed people, to the point where they still, more than one hundred and fifty years after the end of slavery, suffer from more societal ills such as poverty and crime. The United States government should have made a concerted effort to actually reverse the effect of the crime of slavery, not just stop committing that crime – if it had we might not need to be having debates about things like affirmative action today – and we would not

Service operations managements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Service operations managements - Essay Example hai Banking Corporation (HSBC), which are highly critical services and need absolute customer focus besides thorough banking knowledge and skills and effective operations management. Service operations management is a large and critical business sector. Besides customer satisfaction, service operations managers are also responsible for continuous improvement and cost-saving objectives. These are to be achieved with the available resources such as materials, staff, equipment and process technology (Johnston & Clark, 2008). Service operations management also requires specialized skills and competencies in terms of the five main management functions, planning, organising, leading, coordinating and controlling. These five core functions are achieved through strategic planning and management, effective leadership, technology and skills, and human resources management. In general, these functions seem quite similar to any other service/production management; however, the practices, policies, and approaches differ in the service industry. In service operations, all operational functions are pre-planned and assessed in terms of costs, infrastructure, staffing etc; these operational functions require the support of other functions like the administration, facilities, human resources department, training and quality assessment departments etc. All functions are strategically aligned to the organisation’s main goal. Among HSBC’s five core business principles, customer service, effective and efficient operations, strict expense discipline through teamworking and organisational commitment form the grounding principles for carrying out efficient service management (HSBC Holdings plc, 2001). Amongst the hundreds of different services provided by the global bank, payment services forms one critical unit and service which has sound impact on its customers as well as the bank itself. Capacity planning is the process of calculating the capacity of materials, personnel

Stages of the Purchasing Decision Process

Stages of the Purchasing Decision Process P-1: Describe the main stages of the purchasing decision making process Business buying decision process Business buying decision process consists of the following steps. Problem recognition General need description Product specification Supplier search Proposal solicitation Supplier selection Order routine specification Performance review (Kotler, Armstrong, 2008) Problem recognition: It will occur when an organization recognizes a problem or need that can be meet by buying a product or service. General need description: Lets assume that an organization wants to improve its services or products soin this step characteristics of the services and products needed are explicitly expressed. Product specification: After the pervious step an organization will express the specification of the product or services which will be of course done with the consultation of the engineering or technical team. Supplier search: In this step an organization will search for the supplier of the goods needed this can be done by reviewing trade directories or by doing computer search. It will obviously short list those one who has good reputation and offers best deals. Proposal solicitation: Once the search is complete then an organization will invite suppliers to submit their proposal, in this case presentation by the supplier might be needed. Supplier selection: In this step the organization will finalize the supplier. Factors like competitive prices, honest communication, quality products and services etc are of great importance in this regard. Order routine specification: At this stage the organization management will prepare an order-routine specification. It will also incorporate final order with selected supplier and list of other elements technical services after sales required, date of delivery return polices and warranties etc. Performance review: After order-routine specification in this step organization will assess the performance of the suppliers products or services. This may lead organization to keep on, change, of drop the arrangement with the supplier. Consumer buying decision process Consumer buying decision process consists of the following steps Need recognition Information search Evaluation of alternatives Purchase decision Post Purchase behavior (Kotler, Armstrong, 2008) Need recognition: The process starts with need recognition the buyer feels that he should have the specific products or services in order to fulfill his need. The reason behind this can be internal stimuli i.e. need to fulfill and external stimuli i.e. products or services ads. Information search: An interested prospect intending to buy products or services will search for information regarding various companies offering those products or services. He will use sources like internet, friends etc. Evaluation of alternatives:The marketing people of companies need to know about how various consumers evaluate products or services well the process is not easy to understand. Here the consumers might keep the following points of evaluation criteria prices, quality, and brand. Purchase decision: Normally the consumer is suppose to buy that product or service which up to highest level fulfill his evaluation criteria but even at this stage same factor might alter consumers decisions. Post Purchase behavior: Consumers buying decision process does not end with the purchase of the product or service it engages itself in post-purchase process. This determines whether the buyer is satisfied with product or service bought or not. If satisfied then good word mouth will happen and vice versa. Consumers satisfaction, dissatisfaction or delightedness depends upon buyer expectations and the product or service quality perceived performance. P-2: Identify approaches and theories of buyer behavior in terms of individuals and markets The basic purpose of marketing is to affect how customers think about the organization and about its products. To affect whats, whens, and hows of the buying behavior, marketing managers should first understand the whys. Buying behavior is very hard to understand yet it is extremely important task that marketer need to perform. If a marketer can identify buying behavior of its target audience, he or she will be in a better position to target products and services at them. Buyer behavior is focused upon the needs of individuals, groups and organizations. Talking about buyer fundamentally there are two types of buyers recognized the first is the Ultimate consumers and the second one is business buyers (in this outcome markets refers to business buyers). Ultimate Consumers: Those individuals and households who buy good and services for personal consumption. Business buyer: Those firms that buy goods and services for the use in the production of their products and services or for the purpose of reselling and renting them to others at a profit. Approaches used to alter target audience buying behavior Model for Consumer behavior For companies the buying decision is the most crucial element for their entire organization. The most prominent question in the regard is that: how do consumers respond to different marketing activities that a firm might use? The first step in finding the solution to this important question can be stimulus response model of consumer buying behavior. This model suggests that marketing efforts and other stimuli enter the consumers â€Å"black box† and produce certain responses. Marketers must understand what is their in that black box. Marketing stimuli consists of four Ps and includes other major environmental forces and actors like economic, technological etc. All these inputs go in the black box, where these efforts are converted into various responses like product choice, dealer choice, purchase timing etc. The important thing that marketers need to figure out is that what is there in black box. It has twp parts first buyers characteristics influence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. Secondly the buyers decision itself affects the buyer behavior. (Kotler, Armstrong, 2008) Model for business buyers This model helps the marketers to understand that how business buyers will respond to various marketing stimuli. The marketing and the other stimuli which are carved in order to affect buyer behavior are similar to the consumer model. How ever the expected responses are little bit different which include Product or service choice, supplier choice, order quantity etc. the biggest difference between consumer and business model is the difference between the factors and people which alter and perform buying process. With in the organization purchasing those goods consists two major parts: the buying center i.e. the people who make the ultimate decision and buying process. This approach suggests four questions about business buyer behavior. What buying decisions do business buyers make? Who participates in the buying process? What are the major factors that influence buying process? How does an organization make its buying decision? (Kotler, Armstrong, 2008) Types of individual and business buying behavior situation Types of individual buying behavior situations Complex buying behavior: in this type of buying the situation the consumer is highly involved in the purchase process and there is a clear perceived different among various brands. For example if someone intends to buy an insurance policy in this case he is highly involved in the process along with having significant information about various companies. Dissonance- reducing buying behavior: when the consumer is highly involved in the purchase process but he knew very little about companies offering that particular good i.e. he cannot differentiate brands for example in Pakistan if someone intend to buy a dry cleaner in this case he or she may deeply involve in the buying but having very less information about the brands. Habitual buying behavior: this type of buying process incurs when there is low involvement of consumer and the buyer has few significant perceived differences about brands. Variety seeking buyer behavior: It occurs under the condition of low consumer involvement in the purchasing process but having significant knowledge about different brand. For example buying a cold drink. Types of Business buying behavior situations Straight re-buy: an organization buying things in a routine order without any modification. For example if a car company buys tires on routine basis without any medication. Modified re-buy: in this buying situation the buyer reorders something but along with instructions of some modification. For example if Car Company reorders tires but with some modifications lets say with good quality rubber. New-Task: when a business buys any product or service for the first time this type of buying situation is called new task. For example if a Car company diversify and buy machine for tire manufacturing. System selling: Purchasing a packaged solution to some problem for single seller as a result ignoring all the separate decision involved in a complex buying situation. This is often a key marketing strategy for availing and retaining business accounts. (Kotler, Armstrong, 2008) Theories regarding individual and business buying behavior Maslows theory of Motivation Abraham Maslows through his famous theory explained that how human beings are motivated by particular needs at particular times. He argued that all behaviors start with a need: physical needs social acceptances are examples of needs. Why does a person spend so much of money and time on personal security and on gaining social status? His answer to this is that human needs are arranged in hierarchy from the most compelling one in the start and the least compelling one at the end. These needs include physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self actualization needs. An individual tires to attain such means through the most pressing (physiological needs) needs can be satisfied once one levels needs are sufficiently enough satisfied then an individual will endeavor to satisfy the next levels needs like for example any body physical and security needs should be satisfied sufficient enough in order to get telecom services as this services can be related to belongings level because many people buy this service in order to communicate. (Maslow, Blogger, 1954) Freud was psychologist he believed that people are largely unaware about the actual psychological forces shaping their behavior. He observed that people while growing up keep inside many urges which are never eliminated or under full control: they are expressed in dreams, slips of tongue etc, or some times in psychoses. His theory suggested that human beings buying decisions are influenced by subconscious motives that the purchaser may not fully understand. For example if any person buys a Mercedes might say that I have bought it because its very comfortable and make status statement. At a deeper level the actual reason might be to eliminate the feel of inferiority. (Kotler, Armstrong, 2008) P-3: Explain the factors that affect buyer behavior As explained earlier that there are two types of buyer who are the ultimate consumer and second one is business buyer here factors that influence there buying behavior is explained separately for both. Factors that affect final consumers buying behavior Consumer behavior is deeply affected by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics these factors at most of the time are uncontrollable. These factors are explained in detail which is as follows: Cultural factors Culture: Culture is basic reason behind any person wants and behavior. Human beings behavior is mostly learned. As time passes our culture is becoming more materialistic which implies that people will buy more electronic and other technological goods so changing culture is a bit difficult for those firms which are not advanced technologically. Subculture: Each culture has smaller subcultures. It is basically a group of people who have same value system based on ordinary life experience and conditions. Social class: Social classes are a society‘s permanent and arranged sections whose members beliefs in common values, interests and ways of doing things. It is not determined by keeping on element in mind like income rather factors like occupation, income, education, wealth, and other variables are kept in mind. Social factors Groups: A persons way of doing things is also altered by the group to which he belongs. Group can affect firms target audience in some way or other. Reference group: Reference group for a person is that group to which he admires. It serve wither in straight (face to face) or indirect point of judgment or reference in forming a persons attitude or behavior. People most of times are influenced by reference group to which they do not belong. Family: It is the most significant consumer buying unit in a society and it has been researched widely. Marketing managers must pay a great deal of attention to the roles of consumers which deeply influence the purchase decision while buying products or services to themselves. Roles and status: A person at the same time belongs to different groups- family, organization, clubs, etc. A role consists of actions that one is suppose to execute according to environment around him or her. Very role contain a status representing the general esteem given to it by society. Personal factors Age and life cycle stage: Choices of food, clothes, etc are often age related. People change their buying habits with changes in their age. Purchasing is also influenced by the stage of the family life cycle- the stages through which families might. Occupation: An individual occupation influence the choice of goods and services bought. Economic situation: A persons buying pattern is affected by economic situation in a very significant manner. For example economy of Pakistan is in a worst shape so people will have less money to spend which they will buy products or services too so this factor is really important for firms. Life styles: life style is a person way of living presented in this or her psychographics. Individuals which belong to same culture, subculture, social class and occupation may have different life style. Life style portrays something more than on persons social class or personality. Personality and self concept: Personality means the distinct psychological attributes that lead to comparatively consistent and lasting responses to ones own world. Each person distinct personality put and effect on his or her buying pattern. It is usually described in term traits like self confidence, autonomy, adaptability and aggressiveness. Many marketers utilize a notion related to personality i.e. â€Å"self concept†. The idea which self concept convey is that people possessions contribute to and reflect their identities; that is we are what we have. Hence to understand your target audience psyche first you must understand the relationship between self concept and possessions. Psychological factors Motivation: Human beings at the same time have many needs. Some are biological such as hunger, thirst or discomfort others are physiological, arising from the need of recognition, esteem, or belonging. A need transformed into a motive when its deficiency is experienced up to an intense level thus compelling a person to satisfy it. Two famous theory regarding motivation were proposed by Sigmund friend and Abraham Maslow. Perception: It is the procedure by which human being select, organize, and interpret information to form meaningful picture of the world. If for example people perceive a firm as a good company so more and more people will buy its products or services as its existing customers will suggest it to others. Learning: When people take action they learn. Learning is basically changes in the individuals behavior as a consequence of experience. It incurs when on interacts with stimuli, cues, responses and reinforcement. When one buy firms products or services and or respond to its advertisements and if he/she found the sayings of firm correct so consumers will learn about its products and services in a positive manner and vice versa. Beliefs and attitude: A belief is an expressive thought that a person has about something. It may be based upon real knowledge, opinion, or faith and it also may or may not have an emotional factor. It is of great importance to any firm marketers because it shapes its brand image that alters purchasing decision. Attitudes are comparatively consistent evaluations, feeling, and tendencies toward object or idea. It structures people liking and disliking patterns. Changing someone attitudes is a very hard task to perform. P-4: Evaluate the relationship between brand loyalty, corporate image, and repeat purchase Before explaining the relationship between these three elements first its definition one should understand its definitions. Brand loyalty: brands that consumer generally buy from the same manufacturer repeatedly over time rather that buying it from multiple suppliers within the category. It also refers to the degree to which consumers consistently purchase the same brand within the product class. (12manage) Corporate image: The perceptions and impressions of an organization by the public as a result of interaction with the organization and the way the organization presents itself. Organizations have traditionally focused on the design of communication and advertising materials, using logos, symbols, text, and color to create a favorable impression on target groups, but a variety of additional activities contribute to a positive corporate image these include PR programs. (CBS Interactive Business Network) Positioning (the way the consumer perceive you or in simple words corporate image) of a company is affected by Performance of an organization Features of products or services Shape of firms offering Distribution channel used Location of a company offices and outlets Countries of origin i.e. the country where organizations headquarter are located. For example France is famous for perfumes so some company office is there so it is obvious that people will perceive it in a positive manner. This factor has been discussed deeply by famous Harvard professor Michael E Porter in his book â€Å"Competitive Advantage of Nations†. A company that mismanages or ignores its image is likely to encounter a variety of problems. Reputation problems grow like weed in a garden, Davis Young wrote in his book â€Å"Building Your Companys Good Name. Four types of positioning error can occur Under positioning: in this condition firm is not able to portray full benefits of its offerings. Over Positioning: in such status quo company narrow its image in the mind of consumers. Confused Positioning: consumers are confused that what does this company really offers and to whom. Doubtful Positioning: in this situation buyers are skeptical that whether whatever the company is saying is true or not. Repeat purchase: This term is referred to the notion when customer buys the same brand purchased by him on the previous occasion; also called repurchase. Brand loyalty can be calculated by a pattern of repeat purchases. For retaining (repeat purchasing) so that consumers buy your product again and again the business should produce better product then their competitors. P-5: Review and evaluate different type of market research techniques? Marketing research is a systematic design of collection, analysis and reporting of data in order to improve management decision by providing relevant, accurate, and timely (RAT) information. (Aaker, Kumar and Day, 2005 p.no.1) Marketing researchers employ different kinds of research techniques in order to meet their research objective. The following are different kinds of marketing research techniques which are discussed and evaluated in detail below: Qualitative marketing research techniques Observational marketing research technique Different surveys techniques (Quantitative methods) Experimentation Qualitative marketing research techniques: These methods are less structures and more flexible. Data gathered from these kind of marketing research techniques is very rich and deep because of the longer and flexible relationship with the respondents which implies more chances of new insights and perspectives. There are three main areas where these techniques can be employed. Exploratory: defining the problem, suggesting hypothesis etc. Orientation: learning more about consumer real motives; the way the think. Clinical: having and insight in to such issues that otherwise is might not be possible to know with structured research methods. So for the following qualitative marketing research techniques have been identified and employed by researchers. Individual in-depth interviews Focus group session Projective techniques Individual in-depth interviews: These types of interviews are employed by having a face to face contact with the respondents in which an issue is discussed in great details. There are two basic types of individual in depth interviews which are nondirective and semi structured. In nondirective interviews the interviewee is given full freedom to respond within the limits of issue under discussion, such sessions are one to two hour long. In semi structured interviews the researcher attempt to explore only those area which are on his list. The time and exact wording are pre decided for each question to be discussed. Advantages Studies can be conducted in remote area through telephone in depth interview. Data gathered is rich and deep because of the time consumed. Focus on research issue. More value: it helps the researcher to find unconscious motivational factors. Semi structured interviews are very flexible to interview busy executive because time and wording is pre decided. Disadvantages Time consuming because most of time these sessions are conducted for 1 to 2 hours. Difficulty regarding record keeping most of people especially executives dont like tape recorders. As very few people are considered for the research so it means a poor representative of the whole population This type of techniques requires very skilled researcher which might become a problem in some situations. Focus group sessions: It is the process of attaining possible idea or solutions to a marketing issue from a group of people by discussing it. The basic elements which makes a focus group session successful or flop is group interaction on a chain of topics introduced by a moderator. The group included consists of five to nine members who are encouraged to express their opinion on the issue, and to further explain or react with the views of other respondents. The main aim is similar to unstructured interview but the moderator plays a more inactive role in the discussion. Advantages It provides more encouragement than an in depth interview which results in new perspectives. People speak out in these sessions because of a sense of security by being in a crowd (group behavior). More depth: as it names explains that these session are focused on one issue which means more value and deepness in the data. Sparking: some time one person views sparks a new idea in another respondents mind which is unlikely to happen in depth interviews. Disadvantages Time consuming: as these sessions are conducted for 2 to 3 hours. Again the respondents selected might not a better representation of the population. Poorly conducted session leads towards wrong results which mean waste of time and money Its cost is very high. Analysis and interpretation of the data collected is very complex because of dispersion in the respondents opinions. Projective techniques: This technique is employed by presenting an ambiguous, unstructured object, activity, or person that a respondent is asked to explain. Respondents involvement is directly proportional to level of ambiguity which will result in hidden motives and feeling. This technique become a part of whole research design when it is expected that a populations sample will not or cannot respond expressively to a direct questions about the reason for certain behavior and about the motives behind buying certain products. It has different kinds for example word association, picture interpretation, case studies etc. Advantages It is used by researchers where other techniques cannot be used to obtain the research objective i.e. it helps to identify hidden consumer motives. By using this technique a marketer can identify opportunities for really new functions in any product category. The word association technique has been very useful for obtaining responses to potential brand names. Strong control on research information as it is a simulation test so it wholly depends upon the researcher that where he want to take the research. Disadvantages Very difficult to employ because of its complexities and skill requirement for the researcher. It might be very hard find the right persons for these tests. It might not be possible to employ this research method in some parts of the world because of the technology requirement for these tests. Idea taken from (Aaker, Kumar and Day, marketing research, 2005) Observational marketing research technique: Observational research or field research is research technique that involves the direct observation of people in their natural setting. There are many types of observational methods which have been identified and implemented by researchers. These methods have yielded very good results. Some organization believe very much in observational methods for example Swedish home appliances maker Electrolux. These techniques are widely used in retail store audits, shelf space audit etc. its different kinds are direct observation, contrived observation, Content analysis, Physical trace methods, etc. These methods are limited to providing information on current behavior. Due to this strong argument many researchers do not use these methods. However there are some strong reasons that why observational research should be used in overall research design. Some of the reasons are as follow; Causal observation is an important exploratory research technique. Organization managers constantly observe factors such as competitive prices and advertising activities the length of lines of buyer waiting to buy products of that particular company and read trade journal in order identify threats and opportunities. Systematic observation can be fruitful addition to other research methods. For example during a personal interview if a researcher observe the respondents race, his neighborhood, and other conditions under which he lives so it this data can supplement his analysis . It can be some time the most effect way to check the effectiveness of some activities. For example it can help a researcher to observe in store traffic pattern, check the effectiveness of in store advertising etc. Advantages It is probably the less expensive if compared with other research methods. The data achieved through this method is most accurate because the consumers is un-aware that he is been observed so every action is original. Some time the observation is the only method that can employed. This is the case with infant children they are not able to clearly identify their choices so observing them is the only choice. Physical trace method tough used very rarely is also sometimes the only option left. For example if someone want to measure the amount of Alcohol consumed in Peshawar so it can only measured by counting the bottles in carbides because officially Alcohol is not allowed for sale in Peshawar. Disadvantages Observational methods only observe current behavior they cannot observe human motives, attitudes, or indentations. It may be sometimes very costly and time consuming if there is a sample problems of the research is supposed to highly subjective. It cannot be used to study cognitive or affective variables. Idea taken from (Aaker, Kumar and Day, marketing research, 2005) Different surveys techniques (Quantitative methods): Following are the different kinds of survey techniques Personal interviewing Telephone interviewing Mail surveys Web surveys Personal interviewing: It is characterized by the interaction of the four elements the researchers, the interviewers, the interviewee and the interview environment. While a personal interview the interviewer interact with interviewee and at the same time affect on another in an interview environment. Door to door interviews, executives interviews, Mall intercept surveys; self- administrated questionnaires, etc are the types of this kind of techniques. Advantages Interest can created in the start through face to face interaction with respondents which will increase the participation rate. This mode of research can very useful when respondents are asked complex questions. This problem can be eliminated by showing him pictorial aids. It is the most feasible option when large amount of data is required and the questionnaires contain complex questions. This type of method has got more flexibility. Some questions can be skipped by the researcher in order to save time if needed. Disadvantages Personal interviews are time consuming. It cost a lot as it is administrated for large samples. Because of time and cost expenditures per person it cost more than mail or telephone surveys. Telephone interviewing: It is generally more like personal interviewing expect some elements are unique. Its process includes selecting the telephone numbers, the call outcomes, the introduction, when to call and call reports. This is gradually becoming the widespread method for obtaining information from large sample. Advantages It has got more operational flexibility as it can administrated from central place in appropriate hours or from the examiner home. It less time consuming as more interviews can be conducted in less time. Time can be better utilized for example if the survey is based on teenagers so one can call on that time on which they are expected to be at home. It is more efficient than other metho

Impact of Prison on Fyodor Dostoevskys Poor Folk, The Double, and The Idiot :: Dostoevsky Poor Folk Essays

Impact of Prison on Fyodor Dostoevsky's Poor Folk, The Double, and The Idiot Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is perhaps one of the most well known but least understood authors from the nineteenth century. His life was one full of misfortune and suffering; his works filled with religious pondering and philosophical discussions. Dostoevsky's life experiences were integrated into the characters in his pieces, both in terms of personality and ideology. An especially important turning point in his life was his arrest and imprisonment at the age of twenty-seven, shortly after the beginning of his writing career. This prison sentence and time in exile served to shape his perceptions and beliefs towards life, which were then incorporated into his literary works. Dostoevsky entered the Chief Engineering Academy in Saint Petersburg in 1838, at the age of 17. Upon his graduation, he served in the civil service, but gave it up to pursue writing full-time. 1846 saw the publishing of his first books, Poor Folk, and The Double. In Poor Folk, he explores some of the social issues of the day, and the work has even been dubbed of a "socialist character." During this time, he had joined forces with other young intellectuals, and began attending meetings headed by Petrashevsky. These young "social realists" would meet and discuss current political issues -- most importantly, the idea of the liberation of the serfs. This issue was especially of interest to Fyodor, who had been exposed to the cruelties of serfdom early in his life. He had a deep hatred of the institution of serfdom, which was perhaps rooted in his guilt towards the murder of his father. It was thought that Mikhail Andreevich was murdered by his own serfs during a particularly violent bout of anger towards them. Fyodor, while he was in no way associated with the death (he was in school in Saint Petersburg at the time), none the less felt guilt. Part of this may have been due to his incessant nagging for more money from his father during his last few years. This group of idealists was influenced by the changing political status in Europe during the middle of the nineteenth century. This was a time of a new social awareness -- new rights and liberties were being fought for and won, governments were transforming, and a series of "utopian socialist" books were quickly becoming popular. Dostoevsky had been an avid reader of such authors as Hugo, Sand, Sue, and others in this field.

Lions Among Us

According to Mr. Edward Henderson, leaders are those people who can guide a work force into a path that leads to success and realization of goals by keeping the members of his work force committed, intact, and highly motivated. Moreover, managers of private clubs are those who extend their duties and responsibilities beyond the long-established and conventional roles of private club managers. They should be able to influence the members of their work force to create a reality out of their visions of success. Furthermore, Henderson has also presented what he calls â€Å"success factors.† These success factors are supposed to be instrumental in making private club managers successful in their field. This valuable piece of information was based on a survey conducted in 1994, which was administered to several managers. They were the ones who were responsible of narrowing down eight valuable factors that influence success. These success factors were also proven true by Henderson himself, as he has put great efforts to observe his colleagues who were private club managers themselves. In addition to the main success factors that will be discussed in the following statements, people who took the survey also included other factors that are important in success such as a reputable image, flexibility in working with diverse individuals or groups, communication and social skills, just pure luck, exerting effort and working hard, attitude and perspective in life, and continuous learning. Henderson has also noted that there is a strong connection between success factors and the successes of a leader. Although he himself, and all the managers who took the survey, could not argue with the fact that all success factors are significant in accomplishing success in their line of expertise. However still, everything depends on the work attitude and outlook of the manager. In addition, it is dependent on the nature and the background of the business that he is managing. The first success factor mentioned in the monograph is operational knowledge. Operational knowledge received the highest vote as one of the most important success factor. However, overall the most important success factor, it ranked second. It requires knowledge of the ins and outs of business, such as the technical aspect and expertise in handling the club. Expertise and knowledge of the business is achieved over time. Being in the business in such a long period of time is a learning experience for private club managers, especially with their experiences in success and failures in the past. The second success factor is integrity. It was the first most important success factor that was rated by the managers who took the survey. For those managers who took the survey, building a responsible and credible self as a private club manager makes one a true leader. Being aware of one’s strengths and weaknesses, distinguishing right from wrong, expressing appreciation and gratitude to one’s constituents, exuding good morals and virtues, and working for the purpose of serving, are just some of the aspects of integrity that makes it a factor in a leader’s way to success. The third success factor is being in the right club where a manager’s personality is suiting. In other words, private club managers must be able to be in position within a club that is fitting or appropriate for their personality and management styles. They attribute this idea with marriage. For them, being a private club manager is like building a relationship or marrying a person. There should be chemistry or the personality, style, beliefs, and attitudes of a manager must be in sync with the needs and nature of the club to succeed. Just as how two people should be in order to have a successful marriage. The fourth success factor is acquiring financial skills. According to the managers who took the survey, being adept with finance and accounting enabled them to gain respect and trust from their colleagues. Needless to say, the finances of an organization are the indicator of its success or its failure. The fifth success factor is intelligence. The challenges and the demands of the private club industry require broad knowledge and skills in order understand the comings and goings within the club and also to understand human behavior and predict outcomes. According to the managers who took the survey, intelligence coupled with the right experiences and skills acquired equals great leadership and success. The sixth success factor is the ability to persuade others. Persuasion or the skill of one person to influence the behavior of a person is very significant in accomplishing success at present. A great leader must be able to persuade or influence others, his subordinates, colleagues, and everyone who he comes to work with, to lean to the direction of success and accomplish the vision of the club. The seventh success factor is authority. Perhaps authority comes with the previous success factor, which is persuasion. The ability to persuade must be coupled with authority that is in order to persuade people, the leader must exude authority and firmness among them. Although there are several issues raised about authority and its limitations, people cannot argue with the fact that authority is very important in dealing with all aspects of the private club industry. However, with authority comes great responsibility and sound judgment. The eighth success factor is social grace. Although several managers regard as least important in achieving success, they could not also deny the fact that being skilled in communication and interacting with other people is important. After reading all the factors that influence success as a private club manager, I have come to understand the qualities and skills that one should possess in order to be a great leader for the club as a whole and his constituents. Although all the success factors and much more, are instrumental in the achievement of great personal and group success in the field of private club management, I feel that the most important of all is intelligence. First, intelligence gets you to the position of a private club manager. As we all know, being intelligent and knowledgeable about the business makes one a potential and a strong candidate for a private club manager position. It is instrumental in getting one started, and intelligence keeps one going in the business. Moreover, intelligence equips you with the capacity to acquire all the other skills that are important in the business such as financial and social skills, being knowledgeable of the operations and processes that go on within the business, and even in the ability to persuade others, intelligence plays a role. Intelligence is also a major factor that spells out authority. For instance, one becomes granted the opportunity to become a private club manager because of one’s knowledge of the business. Through this, one gains support, respect and trust from colleagues, subordinates, board members, and other people one comes in contact with because of one’s ability to be knowledgeable in all aspects of the business, even for example in finance and accounting. Essentially, it drives one to learn more about the developments and changes in the industry making one capable of dealing with future obstacles and challenges. Therefore, one is able to persuade other people into working together as members of the club in order to attain their goals and objectives. Generally speaking, intelligence does not only get you the job, but it also guides you and lets you experience success and gets you out of failure. It lies in all aspects of the eight success factors that are why it is important.

Verb Review #1 Run and Drink

Verb Review #1 Run and Drink Verb Review #1 Run and Drink Verb Review #1 Run and Drink By Maeve Maddox Native English speakers frequently make mistakes with the irregular verbs run and drink, even in contexts that call for standard usage: Woman arrested on manslaughter charge; man was ran over by car he was fixing. – Albany Democrat-Herald The pair are believed to have ran up an estimated  £3,000 credit card bill after they sneaked out of  school last Monday–Daily MailOnline Court documents state that Angela Haas called the emergency room after learning what the child drank, and she told staff that a friend had drank orange juice with methamphetamine in it.  Ã¢â‚¬â€œGreatFallsTribune (Montana) Poor motor activity and head movement can occur in infants where mothers have drank high levels of alcohol during the last few days of pregnancy (Dominguez, Lopez and Molina, 1998) –Paper published by Women’s Health Council run The principal parts of the verb run are: run, ran, (have) run. As illustrated by the above examples, the error occurs when the simple past (ran) is substituted for the past participle (run). The correct form to use with a helping verb is run: A man was run over by a car. They are believed to have run up an estimated  £3,000 credit card bill. drink The principal parts of the verb drink are: drink, drank, (have) drunk. As illustrated by the above examples, the error occurs when the simple past (drank) is substituted for the past participle (drunk). The correct form to use with a helping verb is drunk: A friend had drunk orange juice. Poor motor activity can occur in infants whose mothers have drunk high levels of alcohol. It is possible that these errors with run and drink may become so widespread as to gain standard status. Indeed, the online dictionary Dictionary.com accompanies the entry for drink with this observation: drank is widely used as a past participle in speech by educated persons and must be considered an alternate standard form. â€Å"Must be?† Call me â€Å"elitist,† but I think that an â€Å"educated person† would know better than to write â€Å"have drank† in a context that calls for standard English. The Chicago Manual of Style is not so accommodating: drink (verb): Correctly conjugated drink–drank–drunk. Example: â€Å"They had not drunk any fruit juice that day.† I suspect that some speakers deliberately avoid the use of the word drunk because of a strong aversion to the state of drunkenness; they feel that drunk isn’t a â€Å"nice† word. I have no theory as to why incorrect â€Å"have ran† should be preferred to correct â€Å"have run.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Usage Review category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsWhat's a Male Mistress?Supervise vs. Monitor

The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essay

The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essay The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essay The Risk Management Process and its Interactions with the Project lifecycle essayThe risk management process is the pivotal element of the project lifecycle because the successful implementation of the project and completion of its lifecycle depend on the accuracy and effectiveness of the risk management. In the contemporary business environment, it is virtually impossible to foresee all risks and threats that may affect projects, but the accurate analysis and assessment of existing risks and the elaboration of the risk management plan can help to prevent them or, at least, minimize the major risks, which the project may confront at any stage of its lifecycle (Chari, 2007). The risk management process should develop within the framework of the project lifecycle focusing on specific challenges that emerge at the specific stage of the project lifecycle. On the other hand, the risk management should also elaborate the holistic approach to the project lifecycle, risk assessment and preve ntion. Therefore, the risk management process should focus not only on every stage of the project lifecycle but also assess the project as a whole and elaborate the risk mitigation plan to prevent or, at least, minimize risks and threats the project may confront in the course of its lifecycle and, thus, minimize negative effects of risks and threats that may emerge.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Project lifecycle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The project lifecycle consists of four phases, including initiation, planning, implementation and evaluation. Each stage is equally important for the overall success of the project. Therefore risks associated with the implementation of every stage of the project lifecycle are dangerous and may threaten to the successful implementation of the project. The project team should analyze every stage of the project lifecycle to understand, identify and evaluate all possible risks, which the project may confront.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The initiation stage involves the elaboration of goals and essence of the project. As a rule, strategic goals are set and the vision of the project emerges. Risks emerging at this stage can affect the further development and implementation of the project. The initiation stage is the primary stage of the project lifecycle that gives the start to the project. Therefore, the initiation stage determines the trajectory of the development and implementation of the project and, thus, determines the overall success of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The planning stage is pivotal because it lays the foundation to the practical implementation of the project because the project team implements the project on the ground of the project plan. In this regard, researchers (Lucas Baroudi, 2002) recommend developing alternatives to the main project plan. Alternative plans help to choose different ways of the project implementation d epending on risks that affect the project and changes in the course of the implementation of the project both internal and external.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The implementation stage involves the implementation of the plan, which though is not always implemented succinctly because often changes to the plan are necessary to complete the project successfully. In this regard, researchers (Ponzi Koenig, 2002) recommend to accompany the implementation stage with the permanent monitoring and control over the implementation of the project plan to identify flaws of the plan and introduce changes to complete the project successfully and transit to the final stage of the project lifecycle – evaluation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The evaluation stage is the last but not the least stage of the project lifecycle. The accuracy of the evaluation of the project determines the effectiveness of lessons learned by the project team from the project. Moreover, the adequate evaluation of the project helps organisations to take a decision on the further maintenance or completion of the project as well as to assess the overall effectiveness of the project and its impact on the organisational performance.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk analysis and assessment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The identification of the risk is the first and major step to the effective risk management and risk mitigation to prevent its negative impact on the project lifecycle. The identification of risks involves the analysis of each stage of the lifecycle of the project, identification of key stakeholders and analysis of possible risks that may emerge along with the preliminary assessment of possible effects, if those risks do occur.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers (Finley, 2007) distinguish the following potential risks, which the project lifecycle may face, including: technical, costs, schedule, client, co ntractual, natural, financial, political, environmental, people. At the same time, the project team should be aware of the fact that each project is, to a certain extent, unique and, therefore, risks may vary depending on the project. The list of potential risks may be shorter or longer but the point is to identify risks succinctly and allocate resources properly. The proper allocation of resources means that the project team identifies risks and determines their probability and allocates resources required for the mitigation of those risks and elimination of their negative effects. Resources required for the risk management may vary but, as a rule, they include human resources, financial resources, equipment and other resources that may be required to manage risks effectively. In such a way, the risk assessment and analysis involve the identification of key risks and the probability of their occurrence.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, risks analysis and ass essment involves the study of the impact of specific risks on the project lifecycle, which may vary from low to high impact.   The project team should forecast the possible impact of every particular risk that may emerge in the course of the project. The analysis of the impact of specific risks helps the project team to allocate required resources and develop possible alternatives to mitigate risks and minimize their negative effects on the project. Risks may vary in terms of their impact on the project from low to high but the probability of their occurrence varies too.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, it is possible to roughly group risks into four main categories: risks that have the low impact and are unlikely to occur; risks that have the low impact but are likely to occur; risks that have the high impact but are not likely to occur; and risks that have the high impact and are likely to occur (Schein, 2009). The latter are the most dangerous risks, which the project management team should come prepared to and be ready to confront at any stage of the project lifecycle. Nevertheless, the project team should not underestimate minor risks too. In fact, low risks may have a considerable impact on the project lifecycle, if they remain unaddressed by the project team. Such risks will steadily undermine the implementation of the project that may lead to its failure. In addition, different risks may have a different impact on different stages of the project lifecycle (Seitanidi, 2008). For example, risks that may emerge at the planning stage may cause the failure of the project at the implementation stage, if they remain unaddressed at the planning stage. Similarly, risks that emerge at the initiation stage may lead to the failure of the project at the planning stage. In such a way, risks should not only be identified, analyzed and assessed properly, but also the project team should respond immediately to any risk that is identified in the course of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk mitigation to the project lifecycle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers (Peters, 2002) distinguish different risk mitigation strategies that help to identify risks and respond to them effectively. At the same time, risk mitigation strategies include: risk avoidance, risk sharing, risk reduction, and risk transfer (Wisner, et al., 2004). Each strategy is applied depending on the nature of the risk and its impact on the project lifecycle or particular stage of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk avoidance implies the careful risk management strategy, when the project team attempts to minimize all the risks by elaborating the most secure project management strategy. However, even though this strategy seems to be very efficient because it leads to the avoidance of risks, but, in actuality, such strategy makes the implementation of the project extr emely challenging. Researchers (Royse, Thyer, Padgett, Logan, 2006) insist that the risk avoidance may lead to the refusal of the project team from daring and potentially highly beneficial projects because of certain risks associated with their implementation and the focus on mediocre projects that are safer, but also they are less profitable compared to more daring ones.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk sharing is quite challenging strategy because it admits the occurrence of certain risks but the team management does not try to avoid it but confronts those risks and shares the responsibility and mitigation of risks between different stakeholders or project team members. For example, a project may involve the risk of increase of its costs that will raise the burden of additional funding of the project. While using the risk sharing strategy, the project management team members can invest equal shares to cover extra expenses required for the successful accomplish ment of the project.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk reduction is an efficient strategy, which involves the reduction of risks by means of the preparedness of the project team for their emergence (Schmitt Simonson, 2007). As the project team comes prepared to risks, the team can allocate resources and develop effective strategy to reduce the negative impact of risks on the project lifecycle. As a result, the risk reduction strategy helps to reduce negative effects of risks on the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for the risk transfer strategy, this strategy is also quite effective because it involves the transfer of risks from the most vulnerable stakeholder or part of the project to the least one (Viardot, 2011). For example, a company working on the construction project can use the subcontractor, who is more experienced and prepared to the risk mitigation, to complete certain stage of the construction. As a result, if the risk occurs, the subcontractor will deal with the risk management. Such risk transfer is effective because the subcontractor will be more efficient in the risk management compared to the company working on the construction project due to more extensive experience and better preparedness to such risks.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The risk mitigation should remain intact during the entire project lifecycle. In such a way, the project management team will always come prepared to risks and prevent them from occurrence or manage them effectively, if they occur. The risk mitigation should also focus on the project lifecycle as the whole to tackle risks that may be not identified at specific stages of the project lifecycle.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contingency planContingency plan can secure risks and prevent the overall failure of the project lifecycle. The project plan should always involve alternatives or, at least one alternative, which can come into acti on, when either risk starts undermining the project and threatening to the project lifecycle. In addition, project managers should also plan contingency funds, which are funds set aside and used, in case of risks start interfering into the implementation of the project and affecting negatively the project lifecycle. The contingency plan contributes to the overall helps to back-up the risk management initial plan and minimize the negative impact of risks on the project lifecycle.Correlation between the project lifecycle and risk management processEach stage of the lifecycle should have all possible risks to be identified and measured in terms of their impact on the particular stage of the project lifecycle. Second, the risk mitigation plan for each stage of the project lifecycle should be elaborated and implemented respectively to the implementation of the project and progress of its lifecycle. Third, the contingency plan should be developed for each stage of the project lifecycle to ensure that the project management team will come prepared to confront risks and introduce reserves and extra funding and other resources to deal with risks, if the prepared risk mitigation plan fails. Finally, the project management team should elaborate the general risk mitigation plan along with the contingency plan that will help to plan the risk management for the entire project lifecycle.ConclusionThus, the project plan should be a flexible plan to maintain the project lifecycle successfully and mitigate risks emerging in the course of the implementation of the project at any stage of its lifecycle. The identification, assessment and analysis of risks help the project team to elaborate the risk mitigation plan. The risk mitigation plan, in its turn, helps to decrease the negative impact of risks on the project lifecycle and facilitates the successful accomplishment of the project. In addition, the risk management process should also include the contingency plan that will help the project team to accumulate resources and develop alternative plans to deal with emerging risks.

Personal Qualities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Qualities - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that from the time the reporter   was allowed to skip 8th grade, he discerned that the greatest element of education is success. He also learned that the reporter can do anything so long as he set his mind well. Currently, he can affirm that he is ever determined in everything the reporter does. He has also grown to be exceptionally open-minded and non-judgmental. One of the factors that contributed to this is his schooling in a private school. Attending a private school up until seventh grade exposed him to stereotypical judgments. Some students referred me as a pretentious diva living an opulent lifestyle which is often revealed by her designer clothes and expensive handbags. However, this was a false accusation. Torn between two households, a fortune holder father and a poor mother, he could probably not afford such a lifestyle. As a result of their divorce, his parents shared custody with his dad paying for his education.As the discussion highlights the author can associate his childhood spoilage with growing up in a gated community. He associated himself with kids who not only grew up with money, but also showed no appreciation for what they had. The situation was changed however by the fall of his mother’s relationship with her second husband. Being robbed off all her money by her second husband who ran away to Vietnam, him together with his mom was forced to move into an apartment. The switching of houses led to him shifting from private school to public school.

IB THEATRE COURSEWORK - The practical performance proposal Essay

IB THEATRE COURSEWORK - The practical performance proposal - Essay Example As this interpretation demands a mature audience, my target groups are the youth above 16 and adults. The central theme that I would like to deal with is â€Å" fear of flying and beyond†. I would like to depict jabberwocky as a big green tree branching out into the soil and towards the sky. The tree and the teeming forest around it fascinate the boy. I plan to fill the floor of the stage with heaps of dried leaves by the end of the play, which represents the lost opportunities of imagination. The father and mother of the boy will be seen living their lives full of falsehoods and half-cooked imagination. They are trying to hide the tree and the forest from the boy. But when he finds it, they compel him to believe that it is the dangerous habitat of Jabberwocky. In the end, the boy of course slays the tree but he weeps on its death and tries to paint the fallen leaves, green. Using light effects, all the leaves turn