Rap Hip Hops Effects on Black America via Social Aspects Attitudes - Free Essay Example

African Americans as a culture are under constant attack socially, intellectually and racially and in todays world this is supported primarily by how the mainstream media portrays present day rap/hip-hop, by giving it a bad name whilst telling john public that a certain stereotype is okay. By doing this the media has become complicit in the castration and twisting of the voices of black America and this only aides commercialism and tricks the younger generation into seeing consumerism as an act of rebellion. The history of hip hop rap music is closely linked to the political issues the culture of black people. This music was needed to fuel the fight during the Civil Rights Movement and was supposed to be that next step in the transformation and transition of black people from slavery to freedom. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America, (1994) a book written by Tricia Rose project discusses how rap music has taken a turn for the worse and how the black community has easily followed the same path. Rose discusses the evolution plight of the black man in American History, Social conditions, Intellectual life, Race identity and Rap (Music) History and criticism. Rose argues that the original intended message of rap hip hop has changed and in its present form seems to be in a fight with its self. On one hand fighting for a cause and on the other hand destroying the identity of women and other classes of people who are under attack by society. The topics discussed are sure to appeal to the black community, women and persons who seek to have an equal footing for all people in the African American community at home and abroad. I will analyze the authors argument that African Americans suffer from effects of stereotypes social injustices this has caused a deterioration of the political and social conditions because of rap hip hop and what we can do to change the perceptions and habits. present research documents argument, claims, audience, purpose, and how these things support the argument along with the use of evidence. Rose begins by discussing the origins of rap hip-hop music and she touches on the business aspect of and rap and how the media focusses on the illegal sampling of other music to make rap music. Rose highlights the role that rap music, dancing graffiti played in its development and illustrates how cultural ignorance has led to the moral break down in society. Rap deals with complex issues that relate to social, cultural and political matters. Caughy, M. O. in the book. The Influence of Racial Socialization Practices on the Cognitive and Behavioral Competence of African American Preschoolers. Caughy surmised that a childs development as it relates to being brought up in poverty and the effects of living a community setting affected by the processes that derive from poverty (1). This correlates to what Rose is saying in terms of how important re-education in fixing the present issues that exist in the black community. Rose discusses songs from various artist that attempted to spe ak to the social ills of rap music. Asante writes artist like KRS Ones, who proclaimed: To crush the stereotype heres what we did/ We got ourselves together/So that you could unite and fight for whats right. (p10). Despite raps suppression it continued to thrive welcomed artist who had little guidance and the results of this lack of guidance showed how modern rap/hip-hop has descended now caters to the lowest common denominator because the values and ideals of the new up and coming artist has been already tainted and the list of positive artists is small, and they all regurgitate the same negative messaging instead of using hip-hop as the culture expression it was intended to be. Rap hop hop seldom showcase positive messaging because it has lost its initial mandate which is to speak on social economic issues that affect todays society. If we turn on any tv today we can see movies music that depict persons of my color in a basic stereotype, either they are killing each other having sex with multiple partners or doing drugs. Misogyny and black on black violence in rap/hip-hop and its negative impact is affecting how black people view themselves and this is causing the erosion of the black community. Author Belgrave, Faye Z., in the book. The Influence of an Afrocentric Worldview and Demographic Variables on Drug Knowledge, Attitudes, and Use among African American Youth. (3) addresses similar ideas when she stated, The negative consequences of drug us, abuse, and activity are many (p2). Belgrave blames school drop-out, crime and incarceration, teen pregnancy, HIV and sexually transmitted diseases on drugs the pervasive culture exist in the African American society due to a lack of economic prosperity, and education. Rose asserts and connects with Belgrave about African Americans and the deterioration of the political and social conditions due to the effects of rap hip hop and what we can do to change the perceptions and habits. As Asante stated With its sands scattered to the winds of the world hip hop joins scores of other vibrations that were born in the Black community. and that other countries have adopted hip hop outside of U.S. Therefore, hip hop if changed in its homeland can have a ripple effect and change the overall culture that has been attached to it. The up and coming artist if educated and paid appropriately will reflect the values of traditional Rap Hip Hop. If we change our songs and ignore the stereotypes the media would soon follow. Educations about where the music came from and where its going and adequately paying artist would make them less of victims to the cooperate big wigs. Asante questions the purpose and the motives of the record companies and how hip-hop music imp acts their bottom line and not necessarily the artist. Asante compares The Hip-Hop Generation Post Hip-Hop Generation explaining the differences between them pointing out how commercialism and consumption has played a massive part in the deconstruction of hip hop, defining how Hip-Hop has betrayed itself by not being used as a tool for rebelling or standing up for whats right. Rose asserts that the lack of emcees and influential people to disseminate the positive cultural expression of black America has contributed to a fall in the quality of music and a directional shift of the music. Asante writes that these emcees are vital to the future of rap hip-hop music because they in the past they were the guardians of the music and reflected the values of traditional rap hip hop (p7). The true meaning or actions of Post-Hip-Hop has encompassed the present generations current day struggles along with hip hops past struggles, but the lines of battle drawn in the sand has become blurred because many other movements fights have emerged causing many fights to be fought and no battles to be won. These movements are the womens movement, anti-war movement, gay rights, anti-globalization just to name a few. A civil fight for one of these movements alone could take a lifetime so the idea that cooperating could make things better for all at the same time seems laugh able. In effect each will cannibalize each other of resources man power and The fight would just be A fight. Civil Rights Equality for Blacks in all aspects of society should stand on its own. Its over 400 years that Africans have been fighting for freedom and equality and the same fight continues. Asante writes that during the Civil Rights Movement black music was called freedom songs. It was even stated that the lyrics were very important, even more so than the music. (p4). Are we doing enough to rebuild our cities in order to stimulate growth and bring back money to the hands of the poor black community? Is the artiste investing in programs that help the young up and coming artist who need to learn the ropes? I think better can be done in respect of the business aspect of rap music, this would undoubtedly allow for the transfer of power of most if not all of what we deem as culture back to the hands of whom it was torn from. In his review of Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. author Baker, Houston A., Jr. Supported and extended Rose when he wrote From its first commercial success during the 1970s, raps powers of persuasion were never in doubt. Its powers of adaptation and global influence, however, have proved both surprising and frustrating to even the most tireless adult detractors of the form. (2) Rose also spoke about female rappers and how their voices influence rap music. Rose speaks of the marginalization of black womens contribution to rap and the music industry. Rose gave examples of works from artist like Salt N Pepa, Queen Latifah several other female writers artist. As Asante stated With its sands scattered to the winds of the world hip hop joins scores of other vibrations that were born in the Black community. (p2), other countries have adopted hip hop outside of U.S. Therefore, hip hop if changed in its homeland can have a ripple effect and change the overall culture that has been attached to it. The up and coming artist if educated and paid appropriately will reflect the values of traditional Rap Hip Hop. If we change our songs and ignore the stereotypes the media would soon follow. Education about where the music came from and where its going and adequately paying artist would make them less of victims to the cooperate big wigs. Rap shares similar origins of previous black oral music traditions. Rose discusses the study of jazz in the 1920s and how the black culture was being imitated by white entertainers and fans. Asante writes about the adoption of hip-hop outside the U.S signifying that the black art forms are taken by other cultures and races and finds itself appropriated and in some cases misused and misunderstood. (p3). This merger of cultures contributes to the loss of cultural expression and gives way to any influence presented my public or private entities. (p7). Rose speaks of rappers going unnoticed by the mainstream music industry the popular cultural industries until the entrepreneur Sylvia Robinson brought attention to the art form. When Hollywood realized rap would be a force in the future everyone jumped on board. Asante questions the purpose and the motives of the record companies and how hip-hop music impacts their bottom line and not necessarily the artist when he says Instead multinational corporations like Viacom, Clear Channel, and Vivendi, through their radio and television outlet, control how most people hear and see hip hop. (p 6). Asante compares The Hip-Hop Generation Post Hip-Hop Generation explaining the differences between them pointing out how commercialism and consumption has played a massive part in the deconstruction of hip hop, defining how Hip-Hop has betrayed itself by not being used as a tool for rebelling or standing up for whats right. (p10). When we turn on the radio or look at printed media, we can see images or hear music that encourages us to engage in vulgar dangerous acts which are not in keeping with who we are. The modern era of rap hip hop has given way to the systematic destruction of people of color or might I say anyone who looks different from white. The education of people of all colors needs to be reintroduced and revised because at this the only organization that can help this generation reverse the way we think, and act is the media. This topic is still prevalent and is a perfect example of the social ills that exist in society involving brown and black people.

What Happens When a Volcano Erupts

The Ban On Student Athlete Compensation - 1426 Words

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Analysis Of The Movie The Curtain Essay - 943 Words

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The Diversity Within The Workplace Essay - 2257 Words

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Auditing Misstatements in Financial Statement

Question: Describe about the Auditing for Misstatements in Financial Statement. Answer: Solution of part 1: Misstatements in financial statement depend on different types of risk, which are related with the financial and non-financial aspects of the company. By implementing a good audit process, a company gets a benefit to reduce their risk and present a true and fair view of the financial status of the company. However, it has been found that there are various factors, which a company cannot control, by auditing process. Inherent risks are those risk which are caused by some uncontrollable factors like errors or misrepresentation in their financial disclosure, and so on. These types of risk arise due to high level of complexity in financial data and by involving financial estimation of the company (Moroney et al. 2014). After analyzing the financial data of the company One Tel it has been found that the company has performed very badly in the year 2000. However, these performances have not affected the companys financial position. After analyzing the companys balance sheet and profit statement, it has been found that instead of performing badly in the year 2000 the company has maintained its financial record better than previous years. Therefore, in this condition it is better to conclude that some inherent risks are associated with the companys financial disclosure. Factors related to inherent risk: The financial statement gives the idea about the companys market position. Hence, it is very important to manage the financial statement properly. These statements present the scenario of different types of inherent risk, which are associated in the company. Many factors are responsible for the rise in the level of inherent risk in the business (Bratten et al.2013). However, it is difficult to forecast market condition due to political and economical factors of the market. It is impossible for the company to cover all the aspects while preparing market plans. In general, it is important to include all the aspects while preparing market plans because these aspects are associated with the business directly or indirectly. If the company fails to include any aspect in the preparation of its marketing plan than the company will not be able to prepare effective market plan. Though it is not possible for a person or an auditor to handle and control the efficiency of the plans, the above-mentioned factors result the increase in the inherent risk of the company in its financial statement (Beasley et al. 2012). Furthermore, the management must improve the skills of the worker before issuing any new policies in the management. To overcome with this situation a company must provide proper training to its employees to improve their skills and efficiency so that they can provide efficient service to the company (Carson et al. 2014). Analyzing the factors of inherent risk: During the assessment of business strategic risk the company includes different types of risk. The management can control the level of risk with the help of these analyses, which are related to the factors of the company. One of the important factors, which a company must consider, is the operational planning. The company can easily identify different types of risk related to the new business and can find appropriate strategy for its alternative (Carey et al. 2013). Solution of part 2: Inherent risk of the company arises due to the activities of the management related to its operation and working environment. The main factors of the inherent risk are the characteristic of management and the past errors of the company. These errors affect the financial statement of the company because the inherent risk will help the company to identify the accounting balance so that they can take proper steps to detect the risk. The companys financial position hampers a lot from different types of inherent risk. The detection of these risks will help the auditors in the assessment of risk (Cohen et al. 2014). The accounts balance of the company are to be determined as non-routine in nature. However, few of these adjustments do not exist in business. Many complex transactions made the financial balances of the company. It is the duty of the auditor to analyze the risks, which are involved in the auditing based on the factors of inherent risk. The financial reporting of the company will present the results of the company, which varies from the real projection because some of the financial transactions can be handling individually instead of providing complex calculation. It helps the company in rectifying the misstatement in their financial statement. The company, which does not have a fixed financial situation than in this situation the company, should meet certain parameters, so that they can handle the data which provides incentive, which misleads a company, by providing wrong financial information. For example, If a company has provided any misleading financial statement or any wrong accounting disclosures of the past years than the company will be unable to present the same data in the same pattern. The outcome of inherent risk is that it affects the potential outcome and the operation of the organization. While analyzing the inherent risk the auditor must include the factors related to the subjectivity of the financial data of the company. Other important factors are the integrity and competence of the management of the company. The auditors review its report after analyzing the transactions related to the internal members of the company or the external members of the company (Ferguson et al. 2014). Solution of part 3: Going concern means the organizations, which can continue its business operation for unlimited period without any future liquidity. According to statutory guidelines, the unlisted business entities are termed as going concern. However, many entities discontinue its business during the course (Hay et al. 2016). The financial users will observe various financial statements to get the market potential of the company in the near future. There are three different factors, which a company must include while measuring the prospect of the organization. These are liquidity, solvency and profitability (Carson et al. 2012). The solvency ratio highlights the overall financial position of the company. In other words, it provides the companys financial position i.e. whether the company is in position to clear its liabilities. It also helps in analyzing the capital position of the company. There are three ratios, which a company uses to measure its solvency of the organization. These are equity ratio, debt ratio and debt to equity ratio. The current ratio of One Tel for the year 1999 and 2000 are as follows: Calculation of current ratio for the year 2000 Total Current asset for the year 2000 = 628.1 Total Current liability for the year 2000 =375.2 Current ratio = current assets/ current liabilities =628.1/375.2 =1.67 Calculation of current ratio for the year 1999 Total Current asset for the year 1999 =296.2 Total Current liability for the year 1999 =84.9 Current ratio=current assets/current liabilities =296.2/84.9 =3.49 The three different types of solvency ratio of the company One Tel for the year 1999 and 2000 are as below: Calculation of debt ratio of the company for the year 2000 Total assets for the year 2000 =1435.5 Total liabilities for the year 2000 =490.7 Debt ratio= total liabilities/total assets =490.7/1435.5 =0.34 Calculation of debt ratio of the company for the year 1999 Total assets for the year 1999 =526 Total liabilities for the year 1999 =163 Debt ratio=total liabilities/total assets =163/526 =0.31 Calculation of equity ratio of the company for the year 2000 Total equity for the year 2000 =944.8 Total assets for the year 2000 =1435.5 Equity ratio=total equity/total assets =944.8/1435.5 =0.66 Calculation of equity ratio of the company for the year 1999 Total equity for the year 1999 =363 Total assets for the year 1999 =526 Equity ratio=total equity/total assets =363/526 =0.69 Calculation of debt-equity ratio of the company for the year 2000 Total debt for the year 2000 =490.7 Total equity for the year 2000 =944.8 Debt- equity ratio= total debt/total equity =490.7/944.8 =0.52 Calculation of debt-equity ratio of the company for the year 1999 Total debt for the year 1999 =163 Total equity for the year 1999 =363 Debt- equity ratio=total debt/total equity =163/363 =0.45 The profitability ratio gives the idea of companys profit and loss. The company operates mainly to earn profit. It provides the detail whether the company has performed efficiently or not, whether the company incurred sufficient profit or not. It is important for a company to incur sufficient amount of profit during the year so that it can run its business smoothly in the future. If the company does not earn sufficient profit then it will be difficult for the company to run its business. Some of the common ratios, which a company uses to ascertain its profitability during the year, are return on assets, return on capital employed, return on equity, and so on. The only matter of concern in this report is the profitability ratio of the company. In the year 2000, the company has met with a heavy loss, due to which all the positive return of the company change into negative return. After analyzing the cash flow statement of the company, it can be concluded that the company has failed to generate enough cash to meet its operational expenses. Due to which the cash funds of the company becomes short and the company has to continue its operation by using its retained earnings and additional capital funding so that they can issue new shares in the market. After analyzing the whole case this report concludes that though the company is suffering from net loss and shortage of funds, it has sufficient assets to meet its liabilities. Therefore, One.Tel can be considered as a medium going concern. References:- Beasley, M., Elder, R. and Arens, A., 2012. Auditing and assurance services. Bratten, B., Gaynor, L.M., McDaniel, L., Montague, N.R. and Sierra, G.E., 2013. The audit of fair values and other estimates: The effects of underlying environmental, task, and auditor-specific factors.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.7-44 Carey, P., Knechel, W.R. and Tanewski, G., 2013. Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Auditing of Forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit Private and Notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit Companies in Australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(1), pp.43-53. Carson, E., Redmayne, N.B. and Liao, L., 2014. Audit Market Structure and Competition in Australia.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), pp.298-312. Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A., 2014. Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: the experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors.CFOs, and External Auditors (May 30, 2014) Ferguson, C., Pinnuck, M. and Skinner, D.J., 2014. The evolution of audit market structure and the emergence of the Big 4: Evidence from Australia.Chicago Booth Research Paper, (14-13). Hay, D., Stewart, J. and Botica Redmayne, N., 2016. The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis.Available at SSRN 2838066. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013. Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed Kunz, R., Josset, D., Scholtz, H., Motholo, V., Graeme, O.R., Penning, G. and Rudman, R., 2014. Auditing Assurance: Principles Practice. Lye, J., Dunn, L., Kenny, J., Lehmann, J., Kron, T., Oliver, C., Butler, D., Alves, A., Johnston, P., Franich, R. and Williams, I., 2014. Remote auditing of radiotherapy facilities using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters.Medical physics,41(3), p.032102. Moroney, R., Campbell, F., Hamilton, J. and Warren, V., 2014.Auditing: A Practical Approach. Wiley Global Education. Mygind, L., Bentsen, P., Badland, H., Edwards, N., Hooper, P. and Villanueva, K., 2016. Public open space desktop auditing toolEstablishing appropriateness for use in Australian regional and urban settings.Urban Forestry Urban Greening,20, pp.65-70. Parker, R.H., 2013.Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting): Historical Essays(Vol. 58). Routledge. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge

Management of Organizations Singapore Mass Rapid Train

Questions: 1. Does your organization have a defined communications strategy for communicating important information and for listening to organizational members? If so, describe the communications strategy. If not, describe the emergent communications strategy, i.e. how messages are typically communicated in your organization?2. Describe the culture of the organization. How has this culture emerged and what kind of work climate has it created? If you had the chance, how would you change the culture of the organization? Answers: 1. Communication Strategy can be defined as a process that has the objective to achieve long term strategic goals of an organization ensuring effective planning of the message and allowing communication over long distances to reach a global network. Strategic communication also relates to internal and external communication processes in a work environment. Writing down an effective communication strategy is very useful for listening to organizational members because it helps to achieve overall organizational objectives. The process also helps to demonstrate the success of our work. Any communication strategy should match with the overall organizational plan and look for the aims and objectives stating the overall vision of organization (Bhattacharya, Sarkar and Bhattacharya, 2010). Communication strategy followed in SMRT: Due to lack of poor communication strategy the SMRT train services disrupted on 15 December 2011 (Burrus, 2010). Such a crisis led to anger and resentment among employees and commuters. This led to mismanagement of working conditions and since then there had been an increase in taxi fares. This incident increased the dependency on train services. There was no plan initiated in the organization to create awareness in the social networking sites as well. But the company had strong relations with government authorities and got strong support from Land and transport Authority. These incidents can depict the level of unsatisfactory management responses and lack of media support as well. This should clearly highlight that SMRT lack about managing relations and how to focus on strategies at the time of crisis (Jones, 2008). There was a need of integrating the ticketing system in the form of a common Transit Link Pte Ltd to develop other aspects of the system as well including fare integrati on, network integration and information integration as well. It was also seen that a common ticketing system was developed for use to entertain cashless transactions. The network integration required improvement in productivity from all the operators resulting in better service of commuters. Communication Strategy that needs to be followed in the organization: The communication strategy that needs to be implemented by the company is The Command, Control and Communication (C3) system for the railway extension under supervisory control systems. The C3 system allows a complete integration of the operation system and also facilitates a system of Decision support system in the organization. This system enables a modular software integrated operation that allows a complete operational structure. The C3 system runs on a software application program that helps to minimize life cycle cost as well. The C3 system has the following added advantages as well. The system ensures a friendly interface and secured system of work. It also helps to take necessary decisions and runs over a standard COTS hardware and software so that all the necessary data can be maintained easily. The system also supports cost effective solution from operational perspective. This system runs on Integrated Automatic train supervision (Pal Singh Toor, 2008). Other communication systems that SMRT should initiate to enhance the system configuration are: Transmission systems: this acts like a backbone of any communication channel so that data can be shared from one point to other. CCTV system: This is a type of optical fiber network that helps to monitor and control the various activities through a camera. Radio communication systems: these help to coordinate and communicate with the personnel and train drivers working and various other control positions are controlled. 2. SMRT lack organizational excellence and there was no work standards and culture maintained. Therefore the company lacked how to manage risks and minimize costs so that they can maintain higher level of security and safety. Therefore it was necessary for SMRT to take strategic initiatives in four main areas that could help them to reorganize their structure. The areas are strategic planning, productivity and effectivity, risk management and processes and structures. SMRT should build and develop a corporate strategy map in place to clearly identify and define strategic objectives and align work plans according to it. This helps employees to acknowledge themselves with more responsibilities (Parente, 2006). The company is also trying to improve and achieve international standards to enrich stakeholders performances. SMRT is also initiating a service excellence framework that can help to enhance productivity and efficiency. This framework will help to contribute in ensuring high level of customer experience and quality of services given to them that would strengthen organizational resilience and ensure effective service culture of SMRT. Work Climate at SMRT: SMRT works with a vision of moving people, enhancing lives. This statement signifies that to work according to customer centric approach by winning the hearts and minds of its customers. The company aimed to adhere by the peoples choice by providing three important elements to the customers: The company should launch organization wide campaign in Service Excellence. It was necessary to build trust and bring smiles to every passenger who travels along with them. The work climate should also ensure to provide effective training modules and reward them with incentives. Service excellence awards should be developed to acknowledge those workers as outstanding role models. The company also aims to improve all the service touch points to engage more number of passengers; this can be enhanced by improving the design and layout of the stations. Also social media can be utilized in this segment to obtain feedback directly and so that the company can develop working on it (Stampley, 2008). The work climate at SMRT provided a good career path for its employees. The company provided the new employees with lots of opportunities that helped them to develop themselves with more advance prospects of career and development. There was availability of good pay package and bonus. Incentives added the scale those who performed well. There was a lot of trust in the employees and other staff that enabled employees to give more flexibility to work and delegated higher authority at supervisory level also. A part that was lacking was outdated HR policies being maintained by the company. Therefore it was the sole responsibility to update that along with network system prevailing in Singapore. Changing the culture of the organization: Changing an organizations culture is very difficult to be implemented in an organization. Because it is comprised of integrated set of processes, roles, objectives, practices and other valued assumptions added to act as a mutual reinforcing system. This part acts as a strong organizational tool to integrate and enhance the level of productivity and results as well. The present work culture can be improved and enhanced by following few simple steps: Evaluating current culture and performance: This is mainly done by focusing on critical performance priorities like growth, customer satisfaction. It is also important to identify behavioral strengths which can provide full potential to the organization. Clarifying initial vision: to improve results it is important to define vision and this can help to build an effective work culture that helps to define values strengths and eradicate weaknesses. Clarifying strategic priorities: the strategic priorities must be effectively shared by the organization so that the initial steps are identified and can be critically evaluated. Engage employees with SMART goals: the company must use smart goals to utilize extensive feedback and define necessary objectives required to build strategic priorities (Chan, Fung and Yau, 2009). To maintain a management system for goals and priorities: this system enables to focus on additional priorities as well and results can be withdrawn from it. To manage communication habits and routines: there should be two way communications maintained to clarify plans, answer questions and stop rumors being spread in the organization. References Aurand, H. (2003).Coalcracker culture. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. Bhattacharya, A., Sarkar, S. and Bhattacharya, R. (2010). An alternative search strategy for interstellar communication.Indian Journal of Physics, 84(5), pp.511-515. Burrus, D. (2010). Collaboration and communication tools to implement radical management.Strategy Leadership, 38(6). Chan, K., Fung, H. and Yau, J. (2009). Business Ethics Research: A Global Perspective.Journal of Business Ethics, 95(1), pp.39-53. Ip, P. (2009). Business Ethics and the Well-Being of Nations Is There a Connection?.Journal of Business Ethics, 95(1), pp.97-110. Jones, P. (2008).Communicating strategy. Aldershot: Gower. Krajicek, J. (2008). Effective Communication Is "Hitched to Everything in the (Business) Universe".Business Communication Quarterly, 71(3), pp.369-373. Pal Singh Toor, T. (2008). Building effective service management system.Business Strategy Series, 10(1), pp.61-67. Parente, D. (2006).Advertising campaign strategy. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Paris, T. (2007). Organisation, processus et structures de la cration.Culture prospective, 5(5), p.1. Smrt.com.sg, (2015).Home. [online] Available at: https://www.smrt.com.sg/ [Accessed 3 Mar. 2015]. Stampley, C. (2008). Social Workers' Culture-Based Countertransferences.Journal of Ethnic Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 17(1), pp.37-59.