Correlation of the Behavior of Female Waitresses at Sports Bars and the

At the point when we go out to eat or drink at a games bar, we for the most part locate that a lion's share of the servers and barkeeps are females. Why would that be, one may inquire. The most evident explanation is that they attract increasingly male clients to drink brew and eat food. On the off chance that a male supporter were to stroll into a games bar, he would remain longer and go through more cash since he would will in general look at a server that he thought about appealing. Servers normally know this so they will in general uncover themselves more and dress as needs be to pull in more folks and ideally to get bigger tips. One barkeep met for this undertaking, who works at Buffalo Wild Wings, would jump on stepping stools behind the bar, to cause to notice herself. She trusted that her activities would bring about the clients giving her a bigger tip than they would otherswise. In view of the tips got, this methodology worked. Seeing this intrigued the author to investigate the subject of how servers utilize their physical appearance for a superior tip. With further exploration, this was demonstrated valid for pretty much every eatery examined. Servers go well beyond from just applying cosmetics to changing their hair shading, and changing the manner in which they would serve a normal client to meet their requirements. The clients likewise assume a job in the tip given, which can normally be controlled by the sexual orientation, race, age, and associations with the server. On the off chance that clients would tip dependent on the administration gave, at that point the female servers wouldn’t need to tease or cause the visitor to feel like that need to tip better. Foundation Review of Literature A large number of the sources address the manner in which the servers change their physical appearances and the results. In any case, some additionally talk about the passionate side of the server or the pr... ... Works Cited Gatta, M. (2009). Eateries servers, tipping, and obstruction. Subjective Research in Accounting and Management, 6(1-2), 70-82. Guã ©guen, N. (2012). Hair shading and wages: Waitresses with fair hair have a ton of fun. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(4), 370-372. Guã ©guen, N. (2009). Menstrual cycle stages and female receptivity to a romance sales: An assessment in a dance club. Advancement and human conduct, 30(5), 351-355. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.004 Jacob, C., Guã ©guen, N., Boulbry, G., and Ardiccioni, R. (2009). Servers' facial beautifying agents and tipping: A field try. Universal Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.04.003 McCall, M., and Lynn, A. (2009). Eatery servers' impression of client tipping expectations. Universal Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 188-190.

Managing Waste Essays - Waste Management, Water Conservation

Overseeing Waste Overseeing Waste, To Save Our World Have you checked your trash of late? Is it true that you are mindful that you are discarding numerous materials that could be spared? In the event that we did straightforward things like reusing glass, we could diminish our civil landfill destinations by practically 10%. Squander can't be essentially discarded any longer, presently it must be overseen. Dealing with our refuse is the in thing, yet it is not really advantageous. Lets acknowledge the clear issues, fixed poisons won't influence us for a decent twenty years. Despite the fact that this might be valid, there are as yet numerous points of interest to squander the board. Today, more individuals are supportive of organizations who put resources into green items. Therefore, organizations have evacuated phosphates, blanches, and have made their paper items out of reused papers. At home, families, are sparing things, similar to extras, and making sandwiches for the following day. Enterprises ar e additionally fabricating a large portion of their christmas cards out of reused paper, since it takes 20 trees to make a huge amount of it. At last, private ventures are doing christmas tree pickups, and reuse them for forestalling disintegration in stream beds, and as manure. Contrasted with quite a while back, individuals have started to see that there is an issue. We are starting to manage it, presently we should fathom it. Sarah White Andrew Likakis

Age, Gender Differences free essay sample

The reason for present examination was to explore the connection between scholastic execution and sadness among understudies of University of Gujrat. It was a cross-sectional examination. Advantageous testing was utilized to choose test of 50 guys and 50 females. Sorrow Anxiety Stress Scale was utilized for the estimation. Discoveries of study demonstrated that there is a positive connection among age and scholastic execution with gloom. Section I Introduction Present examination was intended to explore about age and sex contrasts in’ and relationship with scholastic execution and despondency. The fundamental motivation behind this exploration was to examine the connection between sexual orientation contrasts ,scholastic execution and misery among Uog understudies. Sexual orientation Gender is the scope of physical, mental, and social attributes relating to, and separating among, manliness and gentility. Contingent upon the unique situation, the term may allude to natural sex (I. e. the condition of being male, female or intersex), sex-based social structures (counting sexual orientation jobs and other social jobs), or sex personality. We will compose a custom paper test on Age, Gender Differences or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As per the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Gender is social and is the term to utilize when alluding to ladies and men as social gatherings. Sex is organic; use it when the natural differentiation is overwhelming. What's more, as per the World Health Organization, Sex alludes to the natural and physiological attributes that characterize people. Sexual orientation alludes to the socially developed jobs, practices, exercises, and properties that a given society thinks about fitting for people. Misery Depression is a psychological instability where an individual has sentiments of bitterness, flimsiness, forlornness, sadness, uselessness, and blame. Melancholy is a typical mental issue and can be effectively treated. Signs and manifestations incorporate Persistent pitiful, on edge, or void emotions Feelings of misery or cynicism Feelings of blame, uselessness, or weakness Irritability, eagerness Loss of enthusiasm for exercises or interests once pleasurable, including sex Fatigue and diminished vitality Trouble concentrating, recollecting subtleties, and settling on choices Insomnia, early-morning alertness, or extreme dozing Overeating, or craving misfortune Thoughts of self destruction, self destruction endeavors Aches or agonies, cerebral pains, spasms, or stomach related issues that don't ease even with treatment. Sexual orientation and Depression When gotten some information about side effects of wretchedness, ladies are bound to admit to such highlights than men, a distinction ordinarily put down to ladies being progressively open and men being bound to utilize refusal. So also, ladies are more arranged to look for help than men for their downturn. An assortment of organic, social, and mental clarifications for women’s expanded weakness to melancholy likewise has been assessed. Research looking at hormonal impacts has gotten more consideration than natural factors yet both have delivered uncertain outcomes and by and by don't seem to represent the sexual orientation distinction in rates (cf. audits by McGrath et al. , 1990; Rice et al. , 1984; Kornstein, 1997). Scholarly execution A scholastic exhibition is the manner by which well somebody does during their scholastics. This implies, how well they did with school and all the exercises that accompany it. working environment is basic for these people, this relationship has not been sufficiently explored. Despondency is a typical issue that impacts a people capacity to perform life exercises, including those required by the work environment. Scholastic execution can be seen as an immediate corresponding to workforce execution, with understudies having a place with an interesting arrangement of people whose capacity to perform can be estimated on measures applied by a spectator and without anyone else report. While the pervasiveness of wretchedness for this gathering is high and groundwork for passage into the work environment is basic for these people, this relationship has not been enough explored. Numerous variables influence scholastic accomplishment. One of them is discouragement. Sorrow has a high predominance and relationship with both memory and scholastic accomplishment. Wretchedness files are: tenacious trouble, demoralization, loss of self-esteem and enthusiasm for day by day exercises. Genuine sadness in teenagers is regularly hard to analyze in light of the fact that ordinary pre-adult conduct is set apart by both here and there states of mind. These states of mind may substitute over a time of hours or days. Wretchedness affects scholastic accomplishment. Research has demonstrated that discouraged state of mind is contrarily identified with scholastic accomplishment. Goals The targets of the current examination was to survey the connection between age, sexual orientation and academc execution with sorrow among University understudies. Speculation Following theory were detailed for present investigation: Gender and scholastic execution positively affects wretchedness. On the off chance that downturn will increments acdamic perfomance will diminish. Factors Age, Gender and Acdademic execution were independet factors and Depression was reliant variable in present examination. Operational definition The World Health Organization, characterizes despondency as: â€Å"Depression is a typical mental issue, described by misery, loss of intrigue or joy, sentiments of blame or low self-esteem, upset rest or craving, sentiments of tiredness and poor fixation. †(By Martin) Conceptual definition â€Å"In this investigation calculated meaning of Depression is absolute score on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. † Literature Review In the accompanying sections, there is a survey of the writing relating to Depression, the estimated indicators of Depression and Academic execution ,the anticipated results of Depression, and the connection between Academic execution and Depession. Robert (2008) direct the examination on the connection between discouraged mind-set and scholastic execution (estimated as far as evaluation point normal) in U. S. center and secondary schools. Using information from AddHealth, the exposition sets up Ordinary Least Squares, Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS), and individual and kin fixed impact relapses that endeavor to control for puzzling elements, including understudy inspiration, character attributes, and parental sources of info that are imperceptibly however may impact both emotional well-being and accomplishment. Study discoveries show that understudies who report feeling discouraged don't proceed also scholastically as non-discouraged understudies. Furthermore, the level of GPA sway increments with the seriousness of detailed sorrow. Understudies revealing either discouraged sentiments â€Å"most or the entirety of the time† or side effects predictable with significant misery endure GPA decreases of 0. 06 to 0. 84 evaluation focuses. What's more, center schoolers and certain minority bunches are hardest hit by misery, and relentless sadness negatively affects grades. Dana Ahmed conducta concentrate on Depressive Symptoms and Academic Performance of North Carolina College Students. the absolute number of understudy was 1,280 and utilized relapse investigations were performed to look at relationship between burdensome side effects and scholarly execution in this gathering. the consequence of this examination was relapse investigations were performed to look at relationship between burdensome side effects and scholarly execution in this gathering. An investigation lead by Alketa, Steven Clayton(2005) was on the connection among misery and the scholarly exhibition of college understudies. Information in regards to scholastics, wellbeing and profitability for understudies from Western Michigan University were gotten from the University’s Registrar’s Office, the grounds Health Center and a study conveyed to the understudies. The essential results of intrigue were the student’s grade point normal (GPA), a target, spectator generatedâ measure of scholastic efficiency, and the students’ self-detailed scholarly execution. the outcome demonstrate the Diagnosed wretchedness was related with a 0. 49 point, or a large portion of a letter grade, decline in understudy GPA, Depressed understudies revealed an example of expanding obstruction of sadness side effects with scholastic execution. Concerning the investigation on Evaluating the Relationship between Gender, Age, Depression and Academic Performance among Adolescents by Busari, A. O. (2012) the reason for the examination was to explore the connection between age, misery and scholastic execution among young people. The examination was done among 1200 understudies (600 male and 600 female) in the age go 15-19 years. The instrument utilized for information assortment was the Beck discouragement Inventory (21 thing BDI). The examination of information utilized connection coefficient and t-test. The outcomes demonstrated that 26. 5% of the young men and 30. 7% of the young ladies were discouraged and that downturn and scholarly execution were essentially connected, r = - 0. 24, p? 0. 000. Likewise, in light of consequences of the current investigation, age and scholarly execution were essentially related (r = 0. 25, p? 0. 000). Also there was huge distinction of scholarly execution among male and female, (t (1) = - 5. 51, p = 0. 000). Nancy, Bonnie Erin(2004) was lead an investigation on Gender contrasts and hazard factors for gloom in youth The present examination utilized longitudinal information (N? 1322; 648 guys, 674 females) from young people ages 12 to 19 years (in 1994) to explore sexual orientation contrasts in and hazard factors for burdensome side effects and significant burdensome scenes (MDEs). The example had taken an interest in three rushes of Canada’s National Population Health Survey (1994, 1996, and 1998). Results demonstrated that in spite of the fact that there was not a factually critical increment in burdensome indications I

Elections of 1912

Paper Vietnam War and Story Paper Vietnam War and Story Rethinking Truth in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried By: Rose Monahan May 2011 The Pennsylvania State University In a meeting with Tobey C. Herzog, Tim O’Brien talked about the benefits of truth by saying, â€Å"You need to comprehend about existence itself. There is a reality as we live it; there is a fact as we tell it. Those two are not perfect constantly. There are times when the story truth can be more genuine, I think, than an incident truth† (120). Numerous abstract researchers have battled with the â€Å"truth† in one of O’Brien’s most well known works, The Things They Carried, an assortment of twenty-two stories on the Vietnam War that remain solitary similarly as firmly as they integrate. In spite of the fact that O’Brien is a Vietnam War veteran, reluctantly drafted in 1968 and serving until 1970, he purposively fictionalizes the war understanding all through The Things They Carried while at the same time demanding that the substance of the work is valid, an idea that numerous researchers question. Coaxing out which encounters O’Brien portrays are valid, which are fables, and which are creative mind would be a close to unimaginable undertaking in light of the fact that a significant number of the stories blend. Or maybe, the significance of O’Brien’s work is his work of metafiction account as a delegate vehicle for the Vietnam War. Innumerable war stories have been distributed, especially on the Vietnam War, and the effect or impact of these works significantly relies upon the scholarly type picked to let them know. Albeit numerous critics1 have remarked on O’Brien’s reevaluation of â€Å"truth,† the need of metafiction to set up a reevaluation still can't seem to be enough investigated. In this paper, I will talk about the utilization of metafiction and its definitive achievement rethinking what is â€Å"true†-inside O’Brien’s Vietnam War story, The Things They Carried. To start, the meaning of metafiction must be thought of. Patricia Waugh, thought about a main master on postmodernist writing, has written in her work Metafiction: the Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction, â€Å"Metafiction is a term given to anecdotal composing which hesitantly and efficiently causes to notice its status as an antiquity so as to suggest conversation starters about the connection among fiction and reality† (2). Journalists of metafiction, for example, O’Brien, transparently think about the connection among fiction and diary, regularly doubting memory to precisely delineate an occasion. While the creator draws on numerous verifiable occasions or subtleties, a significant part of the work is likewise absolutely developed, and the creator will honestly express that the work isn't correct. For instance, The Things They Carried contains the admonition, â€Å"This is a work of fiction. With the exception of a couple of insights about the author’s own life, all the episodes, names, and characters are imaginary.† Yet, the genuine components summon the sentiment of a personal history, journal, or other sort of true to life. For example, the focal character and storyteller of The Things They Carried is named Tim O’Brien (like the writer), is a Vietnam War veteran in his late forties who is presently an essayist (like the writer), and has distributed the book Going After Cacciato (additionally, similar to the writer). These are unmistakably more than â€Å"a few details.† The qualification between Tim O’Brien, the individual, and Tim O’Brien, the character, is hard for the peruser to adjust, and at last, brings up the issue of what is fiction and what is reality. As the peruser endeavors to unravel the interweaved connection among fiction and true to life, the writer of a metafiction will remark on the composition of the piece. On account of O’Brien, his remarks remind the peruser that his accounts are designed. For instance, b efore unveiling into a frightful story of an officer gradually murdering a child water wild ox, O’Brien composes, â€Å"This one does it for me. I’ve told it beforemany times, numerous versionsbut here’s what really happened† (78). By conceding that the story has been told in a few different ways, O’Brien is conceding the story has been fictionalized. Indeed

Analysis of Virgin Australia- Online Air Ticketing System

Questions : 1. What are the significant business targets and procedures (tasks) that the carrier organization completes? 2. Rundown the data frameworks and subsystems that are utilized to help their entrance and depict how they are identified with the general business targets and procedures. On the off chance that the specific Information System can't be distinguished, at that point utilize the conventional terms for the suitable Information Systems (a case of a nonexclusive name is Supply Chain Management framework). 3. Detail the situations you created and how the clients you watched interfaced with the framework when completing the assignments of those situations. 4. Prescribe upgrades to the framework and portray the investigative outcomes. For example, not all aircrafts give frameworks to online registration. On the off chance that the organization were to include such usefulness, what do the examiners need to consider? 5. Portray the partners in question. Who right? For what reason do investigators need to think about their inclinations? 6. Talk about, in detail, the information assortment strategies you used to respond to the above inquiries. Depict how other information assortment strategies could be utilized to accumulate additional data. Is it true that you are Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Benefit Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. Answers: 1. What are the significant business destinations and Operations of Virgin Australia? Virgin gathering go into the carrier market of Australia in 2000. In the wake of beginning their business Virgin gets more extensive difficulties to their rivals same industry. Be that as it may, in 2011, the name of Virgin Blue changed into Virgin Australia. The CEO of Virgin Australia John Borghetti said that that organization is the second biggest armada specialist co-ops around the world. In carrier industry, Virgin Australia is most popular for biggest armada administration from the view purposes of size. The organization built up their business with the incredible exercises of initiative and the executives. The organization maintains their business in an extraordinary economic situation more than year and a half. The significant targets of Virgin Australias business are to turn into the pioneer in worldwide premium carrier showcase (Garay Bezanilla, 2013). So as to accomplish the enormous piece of the pie and become the pioneer in aircraft showcase, Virgin Australia offers types of assistance dependent on clients point of view. As indicated by the CEO of Virgin Australia, clients are the core of the organization. The organization consistently attempts to furnish extraordinary customer involvement in their flying. For satisfy the interest of each client, Virgin Australia reliably high help, for example, isolate the class dependent on cost. The most significant technique for Virgin Australias administration is that they furnishes security first and act with the trustworthiness and respectability. 2. Rundown of Information System and sub framework that used to help the gateway just as generally speaking business procedures and goals of Virgin Australia. In the business procedure of Virgin Australia, the organization coordinated a few data frameworks inside their entryway for book of pass to the client. These are E-Ticketing Systems, Internet Booking framework, Book ticket by means of Kiosk and ATM, for telephonic booking mix of call focus, combination of major worldwide dissemination (Fan, 2012). The current online reservation arrangement of Virgin Australia was planned dependent on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http) and the customer server engineering. This was intended to encourage the client for regular routine save flights and book flight. Aside from that, the online reservation entryway of Virgin Australia, for example, www.virginaustralia.com was additionally structured with the great human PC. It permits the organization to give office to the client to book ticket in online fromany place. Through the structured gateway of virgin Australia, clients can sign on to the website and make their ticket reservation from wherever and the organization incorporated compensation buddy framework for secure installment that permitted to pay for the booking tickets on the web. Web Booking For the web booking framework, the product planner of Virgin Australia structured two kind of design including conventional programming focused engineering and administration situated engineering. Conventional programming focused engineering was intended for the application programming of ticketing operator work area that runs without web administration for booking the ticket or hold the flight (Hamilton Sankaranarayanan, 2013). Then again, administration arranged engineering was intended for the conveyance framework where specialists can book ticket or save the flight on the web. So as to structured the engineering of administration arranged framework different advancements were utilized, for example, Web Service Description Language (WSDL), Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI), Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) and Simple Access Objective Protocol (SOAP) Data System for ticket booking: The structured data framework is utilized for the assortment of information or data that identifies with ticket booking and the information procedure for ongoing use just as contain genuine data. Be that as it may, the executed data framework utilizing hyper content exchange convention permits the organization in enveloping the information gathering data from the clients (Katkat, 2014). Aside from that, the planned data framework for ticket booking observing information transmits and gets information the system. The board of Information System: Management Information System is utilized for the administration of social affair information and data regarding settling on choice and makes a report about the summery of data framework. Exchange Processing System: Transaction Processing System was structured through the WSDL (Web Server Description Language) for assortment of data, business handling framework, adjustment or cancelation the exchange, and so on (Flood et al. 2011). The planned exchange process framework was bolster different clients on the double since it was structured by the engineer for synchronous use. Exchange Processing System of Virgin Australia for the most part put away the data in the database of the association (Puhe et al. 204). The gathered information are utilized for different motivation behind the organization, for example, wages,summarization of stock, booking of assembling, register checking, charging, and so forth. Characteristic Networks and External System: The normal system of Virgin Australia was structured dependent on the hyper content exchange convention as far as cultivating the human mind. In any case, the planned system of Virgin Australia is utilized for the learning and recalling the data. Actually, master arrangement of the organization was planned utilizing the UDDI technique (Silva Ferreira, 2014). This is the information based framework for Virgin Australia and use for dissecting information and creating results for proposals. Choice Support System: Decision Support System was structured in the business procedure of Virgin Australia for dissecting the gathered information that put away in database. Choice Support System helps the organization in creating measurable projections just as the information models. Choice Support framework permits the aircraft firm to improve the administration quality instead of substitution of staffs or supervisors choice. The CEO of Virgin Australia said that created Decision Support System helps the organization in taking care of issues during the organization utilize outside information for dynamic procedure. E-Ticketing E-ticketing approach required by the organization so as to supplant the traditional paper of booking ticket data. The procedure of e-ticketing framework permits the client in supplanting regular paper ticket with e-ticket. Virgin Australia utilizing e-ticketing strategy gives message or data to clients about the subtleties of their booking data and the registration framework in air terminal help the e-ticketing innovation and encourage the client to check their data itself (Mayes et al. 2009). Virgin Australia appropriately builds up the information security for their e-ticketing framework utilizing the ET innovation. It permits in building trust of client t Virgin Australia. E-ticket administration encourages the business procedure of virgin Australia because of its ease of use since it is anything but difficult to explore. 3. Subtleties of the situation that created and the communication framework that complete the undertaking of those situation. Case Scenario of Request Flight Information Name Solicitation for the accessible data about Flight Outline Client put the booking information with the takeoff date and goal city into the e-ticketing reservation framework. The planned framework asks about the accessible trips of a specific date and speaks to the data for the clients. Essential Events Client Framework Use of e-ticketing reservation framework presented for the clients Show the UI framework about the flight administration for the clients Chooses Departure Date Select Return Date Pick beginning City Pick Destination City Pick the full circle or one way venture Pick relentless or associations flight administrations Present the models Approval of information or data about clients Showcases the flight list that accessible on that specific date to meet the models of clients None None Client Framework Shows the mistake or invalid message for invalid information or contribution of the clients Recognize the message for the clients Presentations the present framework or measures for change to the clients about the craving data of flight administration and keeps on submitting rules On the off chance that the information or data put appropriately into the arrangement of e-ticketing reservation on the web and no information or data about flight distinguished that shows the message that no flight administration accessible

Cellular Phone as A Multi-Function Appliance - 550 Words

Cellular Phone as A Multi-Function Appliance (Essay Sample) Content: Cellular Phone as A Multi-Function ApplianceName:Institution:Cellular Phone as A Multi-Function ApplianceIntroductionCellular phones were invented in the 1940s from the hand held radio transceivers that were used in the Second World War. These devices were meant for basic communication purposes (Ilyas and Ahson, 2006). The first cellular inventions did not even have the ability to send messages. Thus, only voice calls would be made using these devices. However, advancement in technology coupled with the ever increasing human wants has led to the revolution of the cellular phone industry. This has led to the advancement of the cellular phones from the basic (0G) phones to the fancied (4G) phones. Consequently, since their inception in the mid 90s, cellular phones have evolved into multifunctional devices capable of performing numerous tasks.Smart PhonesEvolution of cellular devices into multi-function appliances can be summarized by the inception of the smart phones. T herefore, these cellular devices are phones capable of performing multiple functions such as those offered by personal digital assistants (PDAs) and computers (Ilyas and Ahson, 2006). Consequently, these smart phones combine numerous features such as media players, compact digital cameras, video cameras and GPS systems. In addition, these devices can access web pages at extremely high internet speeds and display the pages accessed with clear resolutions. Consequently, this evolution of cellular devices into multifunctional devices can be attributed to the inception of various features as outlined in subsequent paragraphs. Operating SystemOperating system (OS) refers to the technical framework upon which a smart phone is run. Consequently, the incorporation of PDA features into a smart phone can be attributed to the phones OS. The Symbian OS was the first OS to be incorporated into cellular phones by the Ericsson smart phone in 2000. Consequently, its inception resulted in the invent ion of other numerous cellular operating systems such as Windows, Palm, and BlackBerry among others. However, iOS and Android operating systems have contributed immensely to the evolution of cellular phones into multifunctional devices (Every, 2009). Therefore, this has enabled cellular phones to perform numerous PDA-like and computer functions such as sending and receiving emails and creation and editing of documents. Applications (Apps) and Web AccessApplications refer to certain software configurations that combine with the OS to perform certain operations. Therefore, these Apps operate in conjunction with the OS. These Apps are tailor-made for certain cellular operations. For instance, the Google Map App enables smart phones to find directions (Karimi, 2011). Consequently, there exists numerous, smart phone Apps designed for certain purposes. Smart phones also have the ability to access the internet at extremely high speeds. This is attributed to the evolution in the network ind ustry from the 0G networks to the current 4G network systems. ...

Rap Hip Hops Effects on Black America via Social Aspects Attitudes - Free Essay Example

African Americans as a culture are under constant attack socially, intellectually and racially and in todays world this is supported primarily by how the mainstream media portrays present day rap/hip-hop, by giving it a bad name whilst telling john public that a certain stereotype is okay. By doing this the media has become complicit in the castration and twisting of the voices of black America and this only aides commercialism and tricks the younger generation into seeing consumerism as an act of rebellion. The history of hip hop rap music is closely linked to the political issues the culture of black people. This music was needed to fuel the fight during the Civil Rights Movement and was supposed to be that next step in the transformation and transition of black people from slavery to freedom. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America, (1994) a book written by Tricia Rose project discusses how rap music has taken a turn for the worse and how the black community has easily followed the same path. Rose discusses the evolution plight of the black man in American History, Social conditions, Intellectual life, Race identity and Rap (Music) History and criticism. Rose argues that the original intended message of rap hip hop has changed and in its present form seems to be in a fight with its self. On one hand fighting for a cause and on the other hand destroying the identity of women and other classes of people who are under attack by society. The topics discussed are sure to appeal to the black community, women and persons who seek to have an equal footing for all people in the African American community at home and abroad. I will analyze the authors argument that African Americans suffer from effects of stereotypes social injustices this has caused a deterioration of the political and social conditions because of rap hip hop and what we can do to change the perceptions and habits. present research documents argument, claims, audience, purpose, and how these things support the argument along with the use of evidence. Rose begins by discussing the origins of rap hip-hop music and she touches on the business aspect of and rap and how the media focusses on the illegal sampling of other music to make rap music. Rose highlights the role that rap music, dancing graffiti played in its development and illustrates how cultural ignorance has led to the moral break down in society. Rap deals with complex issues that relate to social, cultural and political matters. Caughy, M. O. in the book. The Influence of Racial Socialization Practices on the Cognitive and Behavioral Competence of African American Preschoolers. Caughy surmised that a childs development as it relates to being brought up in poverty and the effects of living a community setting affected by the processes that derive from poverty (1). This correlates to what Rose is saying in terms of how important re-education in fixing the present issues that exist in the black community. Rose discusses songs from various artist that attempted to spe ak to the social ills of rap music. Asante writes artist like KRS Ones, who proclaimed: To crush the stereotype heres what we did/ We got ourselves together/So that you could unite and fight for whats right. (p10). Despite raps suppression it continued to thrive welcomed artist who had little guidance and the results of this lack of guidance showed how modern rap/hip-hop has descended now caters to the lowest common denominator because the values and ideals of the new up and coming artist has been already tainted and the list of positive artists is small, and they all regurgitate the same negative messaging instead of using hip-hop as the culture expression it was intended to be. Rap hop hop seldom showcase positive messaging because it has lost its initial mandate which is to speak on social economic issues that affect todays society. If we turn on any tv today we can see movies music that depict persons of my color in a basic stereotype, either they are killing each other having sex with multiple partners or doing drugs. Misogyny and black on black violence in rap/hip-hop and its negative impact is affecting how black people view themselves and this is causing the erosion of the black community. Author Belgrave, Faye Z., in the book. The Influence of an Afrocentric Worldview and Demographic Variables on Drug Knowledge, Attitudes, and Use among African American Youth. (3) addresses similar ideas when she stated, The negative consequences of drug us, abuse, and activity are many (p2). Belgrave blames school drop-out, crime and incarceration, teen pregnancy, HIV and sexually transmitted diseases on drugs the pervasive culture exist in the African American society due to a lack of economic prosperity, and education. Rose asserts and connects with Belgrave about African Americans and the deterioration of the political and social conditions due to the effects of rap hip hop and what we can do to change the perceptions and habits. As Asante stated With its sands scattered to the winds of the world hip hop joins scores of other vibrations that were born in the Black community. and that other countries have adopted hip hop outside of U.S. Therefore, hip hop if changed in its homeland can have a ripple effect and change the overall culture that has been attached to it. The up and coming artist if educated and paid appropriately will reflect the values of traditional Rap Hip Hop. If we change our songs and ignore the stereotypes the media would soon follow. Educations about where the music came from and where its going and adequately paying artist would make them less of victims to the cooperate big wigs. Asante questions the purpose and the motives of the record companies and how hip-hop music imp acts their bottom line and not necessarily the artist. Asante compares The Hip-Hop Generation Post Hip-Hop Generation explaining the differences between them pointing out how commercialism and consumption has played a massive part in the deconstruction of hip hop, defining how Hip-Hop has betrayed itself by not being used as a tool for rebelling or standing up for whats right. Rose asserts that the lack of emcees and influential people to disseminate the positive cultural expression of black America has contributed to a fall in the quality of music and a directional shift of the music. Asante writes that these emcees are vital to the future of rap hip-hop music because they in the past they were the guardians of the music and reflected the values of traditional rap hip hop (p7). The true meaning or actions of Post-Hip-Hop has encompassed the present generations current day struggles along with hip hops past struggles, but the lines of battle drawn in the sand has become blurred because many other movements fights have emerged causing many fights to be fought and no battles to be won. These movements are the womens movement, anti-war movement, gay rights, anti-globalization just to name a few. A civil fight for one of these movements alone could take a lifetime so the idea that cooperating could make things better for all at the same time seems laugh able. In effect each will cannibalize each other of resources man power and The fight would just be A fight. Civil Rights Equality for Blacks in all aspects of society should stand on its own. Its over 400 years that Africans have been fighting for freedom and equality and the same fight continues. Asante writes that during the Civil Rights Movement black music was called freedom songs. It was even stated that the lyrics were very important, even more so than the music. (p4). Are we doing enough to rebuild our cities in order to stimulate growth and bring back money to the hands of the poor black community? Is the artiste investing in programs that help the young up and coming artist who need to learn the ropes? I think better can be done in respect of the business aspect of rap music, this would undoubtedly allow for the transfer of power of most if not all of what we deem as culture back to the hands of whom it was torn from. In his review of Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. author Baker, Houston A., Jr. Supported and extended Rose when he wrote From its first commercial success during the 1970s, raps powers of persuasion were never in doubt. Its powers of adaptation and global influence, however, have proved both surprising and frustrating to even the most tireless adult detractors of the form. (2) Rose also spoke about female rappers and how their voices influence rap music. Rose speaks of the marginalization of black womens contribution to rap and the music industry. Rose gave examples of works from artist like Salt N Pepa, Queen Latifah several other female writers artist. As Asante stated With its sands scattered to the winds of the world hip hop joins scores of other vibrations that were born in the Black community. (p2), other countries have adopted hip hop outside of U.S. Therefore, hip hop if changed in its homeland can have a ripple effect and change the overall culture that has been attached to it. The up and coming artist if educated and paid appropriately will reflect the values of traditional Rap Hip Hop. If we change our songs and ignore the stereotypes the media would soon follow. Education about where the music came from and where its going and adequately paying artist would make them less of victims to the cooperate big wigs. Rap shares similar origins of previous black oral music traditions. Rose discusses the study of jazz in the 1920s and how the black culture was being imitated by white entertainers and fans. Asante writes about the adoption of hip-hop outside the U.S signifying that the black art forms are taken by other cultures and races and finds itself appropriated and in some cases misused and misunderstood. (p3). This merger of cultures contributes to the loss of cultural expression and gives way to any influence presented my public or private entities. (p7). Rose speaks of rappers going unnoticed by the mainstream music industry the popular cultural industries until the entrepreneur Sylvia Robinson brought attention to the art form. When Hollywood realized rap would be a force in the future everyone jumped on board. Asante questions the purpose and the motives of the record companies and how hip-hop music impacts their bottom line and not necessarily the artist when he says Instead multinational corporations like Viacom, Clear Channel, and Vivendi, through their radio and television outlet, control how most people hear and see hip hop. (p 6). Asante compares The Hip-Hop Generation Post Hip-Hop Generation explaining the differences between them pointing out how commercialism and consumption has played a massive part in the deconstruction of hip hop, defining how Hip-Hop has betrayed itself by not being used as a tool for rebelling or standing up for whats right. (p10). When we turn on the radio or look at printed media, we can see images or hear music that encourages us to engage in vulgar dangerous acts which are not in keeping with who we are. The modern era of rap hip hop has given way to the systematic destruction of people of color or might I say anyone who looks different from white. The education of people of all colors needs to be reintroduced and revised because at this the only organization that can help this generation reverse the way we think, and act is the media. This topic is still prevalent and is a perfect example of the social ills that exist in society involving brown and black people.

What Happens When a Volcano Erupts

The Ban On Student Athlete Compensation - 1426 Words

Right now the ban on student-athlete compensation is insufficient and is not doing the student-athlete any good. Student-athletes should be paid for their efforts no matter what the rule has always been. These athletes hard work is being taken advantage of by the people around them. A change to a competitive labor market with less restrictions on student-athlete compensation might be a necessity (Sanderson and Siegfried). In 2013 a man by the name of Jay Bilas, an ESPN basketball analyst, logged onto a website called ShopNCAASports.com. When he logged on to this website he searched for some of the most popular names of the 2013 collegiate sports period. After Bilas found these players’ merchandise online, he tweeted screen shots of the†¦show more content†¦As a result of this, the athletic departments and coaches are telling players exactly what to do outside of the classroom, and could possibly give that player no freedom to argue. These are acts that would not occur if the general labor laws were enforced (Sanderson and Siegfried). The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decides that the NCAA’s payment rules do not allow college athletes to obtain the money they deserve. The court also ruled that the antitrust law states that the NCAA allows the school to only pay for the athlete’s tuition. A New Orleans business reporter did an article over a basketball player, named Ed O’Bannon, who believed that he was being robbed of money that he rightfully deserved. In 2009, O’Bannon, who played basketball for the University in California at Los Angeles, sued the National Collegiate American Association for using his name and image on television and in video games. A group of other students joined O’Bannon in trying to fight the NCAA. They challenged that the amateurism rules were not fair to athletes because other people were profiting off of their name and actions. The NCAA then stated that the players signed a waiver stating the NCAA would be allowed to use the player’s name and ima ge. O’Bannon’s legal team then argued that the players are forced to sign that waiver in order to play college sports (â€Å"Federal Appeals†). The NCAA came back with the argument that if they paid theShow MoreRelatedHigher Compensation for Higher Education: Paying College Athletes1749 Words   |  7 Pages College Athletes: Higher Compensation for Higher Education? Division 1 athletes have it all: the glory of representing the school’s colors and honor, the pretty girls, televised games, and most have room and board along with classes paid for. Some think that all this is not enough for these young players; they deserve to be paid for their dedication and hard work. This is a very controversial topic because there is such a fine line between professional athletes and amateur athletes. CollegeRead MoreThe National Collegiate Athletic Association1455 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation or NCAA, has provided student athletes the ability to attend colleges through scholarships while playing for their schools. However, the ideology of inter-collegiate athletics, amateurism, and sportsmanship masks the troubling problem for many of the players; the ban on paying student athletes. The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a 6 billion dollar a year institution that is a so-called, â€Å"non-profit organization.† While they claim t o provide athletes a gateway to a higher educationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?846 Words   |  4 Pagesthe stars of the show â€Å"the collegiate athlete† be paid for his/her services? With arguments from both the NCAA against paying athletes and from National College Players Association (NCPA) for the compensation of these athletes it can be a daunting task to make an opinion for or against paying college athletes. I believe that between revenue produced, time investment, risk and recent legal rulings that college athletes should receive some type of compensation in addition to their scholarships. ThisRead MoreDecision Making Among Ncaa Autonomy Institutions1485 Words   |  6 Pagesbasketball have evolved into commercial entertainment products (Duderstadt, p.69).† As the commercialization of collegiate athletics continue grow, the concept of student-athlete amateurism has become increasingly strained as there has been a push for providing student-athletes, specifically in football and basketball, additional compensation for their play. In January 2015, member institutions of the power five conferences of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) overwhelmingly voted forRead MoreNcaa Athletes Should Not Be Banned1098 Words   |  5 Pagesstrictly bans collegiate athletes to benefit in any way when it comes to their name and the revenue that comes with it. 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College football and basketball generates 6 billion dollars annually. Which in total is more than the National Basketball Association (Brill 1). These athletes are practically working full time to improve in and out of season. The y are putting their bodies on the line duringRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid For Their Play Essay1777 Words   |  8 Pagessports over the past couple of years, a very controversial topic has risen pertaining to whether college athletes should receive payment or not for playing. The main problem behind the topic of paying college athletes is that college sports rake in massive amounts of revenue for their respective schools, athletic staff, and the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletics Association) but the athletes which participate in these sports and create all the revenue reap none of the financial benefits. To createRead MorePaychecks for Playmakers?998 Words   |  4 Pagesof the world’s richest companies. (Nichols) At many schools, athletics is the second most generous revenue producer outside of student tuition. People pay their hard earned money to go watch these players - just like they do for professional games. People also pay money to sponsor the teams th at these players are on - just as in the pros. However, these exploited athletes who generate millions of dollars for their respective institutions and the NCAA, never see a dime. So, why do the vital pieces

Analysis Of The Movie The Curtain Essay - 943 Words

Imogen opens her eyes to see nothing. She cannot see anything at all. Everywhere she turns her head, for that is all she dares to move, she can only see darkness. Imogen cannot find a single speck of light anywhere in the room. And all she can hear is the drumming of heavy rain drops hitting something metallic. Desperately, she feels around the room, but only around the spot where she woke up for fear that something dangerous might be in the room with her. Finding nothing but the concrete floor, Imogen slowly crawls in the direction behind her hoping to reach a corner. When she reaches the end of the room, she sits in a corner hugging her legs and buries her face into her knees. A single tear runs down her face from the fear, but that is all it took. Imogen starts to cry. She cannot stop the tears from leaving her eyes no matter how hard she tries. 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I will also be looking at themes that are explored in the film and what messages they convey to the audience. I will b e using some theories to help analyze this particular sequence. At the beginning of the clip we can see the Marion flushing pieces of paper down the toilet in a closeRead MoreInception- Mise-En-Scene1724 Words   |  7 Pagesscene in the hotel or Arther’s dream. Mise-en-scene will covered many details in the shot for example, setting, lighting, character casts with their performance style, costume and make up, and the props that is using in the shot. This analysis will involve only the part where all of characters are in the same room, before they are going down into the deeper dream. 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The Diversity Within The Workplace Essay - 2257 Words

INTRODUCTION The need for one organization to outperform the others has given rise to a diverse workforce comprising of different individuals who significantly differ from one another. Diversity in the workplace has been defined as the differences and similarities among the employees that make up an organization in terms of age, cultural background, sex, religion (Anon., n.d.). The diversity in the workplace in terms of age is more often referred to as generational diversity. The desire by some to stay and work longer has led to the current workforce capturing many generations. With countries such as the US capturing as many as 5 distinct generations, others have been able to capture 4 and 3. The various generations segment the different age ranges into generations generally governed by different attitudes to work, preferences and value systems. The attitude, preference, and values held by any generation affect the way they approach their works. 21st-century organizations tend to prefer managers who can deal with the different generations as they have different characteristics and present diverse challenges. The attitude of the various generations greatly differs in the workplace. The generations in the workforce have been segmented into the following demographics: the Traditionalists (also known as the silent generation or the greatest generation); the baby boomers; generation X; generation Y (also known as Millennial), and finally generation Z. An under standing of theseShow MoreRelatedDiversity At Workplace Diversity Within The Workplace3281 Words   |  14 Pages1.0 Diversity at workplace Diversity is a very extensive subject and can be in any genre or class; it is difficult to categorize because of its complex nature. 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Diversity in Australia is important, as it is one of the most culturally diverse in the world, with 27% of Australian population

Auditing Misstatements in Financial Statement

Question: Describe about the Auditing for Misstatements in Financial Statement. Answer: Solution of part 1: Misstatements in financial statement depend on different types of risk, which are related with the financial and non-financial aspects of the company. By implementing a good audit process, a company gets a benefit to reduce their risk and present a true and fair view of the financial status of the company. However, it has been found that there are various factors, which a company cannot control, by auditing process. Inherent risks are those risk which are caused by some uncontrollable factors like errors or misrepresentation in their financial disclosure, and so on. These types of risk arise due to high level of complexity in financial data and by involving financial estimation of the company (Moroney et al. 2014). After analyzing the financial data of the company One Tel it has been found that the company has performed very badly in the year 2000. However, these performances have not affected the companys financial position. After analyzing the companys balance sheet and profit statement, it has been found that instead of performing badly in the year 2000 the company has maintained its financial record better than previous years. Therefore, in this condition it is better to conclude that some inherent risks are associated with the companys financial disclosure. Factors related to inherent risk: The financial statement gives the idea about the companys market position. Hence, it is very important to manage the financial statement properly. These statements present the scenario of different types of inherent risk, which are associated in the company. Many factors are responsible for the rise in the level of inherent risk in the business (Bratten et al.2013). However, it is difficult to forecast market condition due to political and economical factors of the market. It is impossible for the company to cover all the aspects while preparing market plans. In general, it is important to include all the aspects while preparing market plans because these aspects are associated with the business directly or indirectly. If the company fails to include any aspect in the preparation of its marketing plan than the company will not be able to prepare effective market plan. Though it is not possible for a person or an auditor to handle and control the efficiency of the plans, the above-mentioned factors result the increase in the inherent risk of the company in its financial statement (Beasley et al. 2012). Furthermore, the management must improve the skills of the worker before issuing any new policies in the management. To overcome with this situation a company must provide proper training to its employees to improve their skills and efficiency so that they can provide efficient service to the company (Carson et al. 2014). Analyzing the factors of inherent risk: During the assessment of business strategic risk the company includes different types of risk. The management can control the level of risk with the help of these analyses, which are related to the factors of the company. One of the important factors, which a company must consider, is the operational planning. The company can easily identify different types of risk related to the new business and can find appropriate strategy for its alternative (Carey et al. 2013). Solution of part 2: Inherent risk of the company arises due to the activities of the management related to its operation and working environment. The main factors of the inherent risk are the characteristic of management and the past errors of the company. These errors affect the financial statement of the company because the inherent risk will help the company to identify the accounting balance so that they can take proper steps to detect the risk. The companys financial position hampers a lot from different types of inherent risk. The detection of these risks will help the auditors in the assessment of risk (Cohen et al. 2014). The accounts balance of the company are to be determined as non-routine in nature. However, few of these adjustments do not exist in business. Many complex transactions made the financial balances of the company. It is the duty of the auditor to analyze the risks, which are involved in the auditing based on the factors of inherent risk. The financial reporting of the company will present the results of the company, which varies from the real projection because some of the financial transactions can be handling individually instead of providing complex calculation. It helps the company in rectifying the misstatement in their financial statement. The company, which does not have a fixed financial situation than in this situation the company, should meet certain parameters, so that they can handle the data which provides incentive, which misleads a company, by providing wrong financial information. For example, If a company has provided any misleading financial statement or any wrong accounting disclosures of the past years than the company will be unable to present the same data in the same pattern. The outcome of inherent risk is that it affects the potential outcome and the operation of the organization. While analyzing the inherent risk the auditor must include the factors related to the subjectivity of the financial data of the company. Other important factors are the integrity and competence of the management of the company. The auditors review its report after analyzing the transactions related to the internal members of the company or the external members of the company (Ferguson et al. 2014). Solution of part 3: Going concern means the organizations, which can continue its business operation for unlimited period without any future liquidity. According to statutory guidelines, the unlisted business entities are termed as going concern. However, many entities discontinue its business during the course (Hay et al. 2016). The financial users will observe various financial statements to get the market potential of the company in the near future. There are three different factors, which a company must include while measuring the prospect of the organization. These are liquidity, solvency and profitability (Carson et al. 2012). The solvency ratio highlights the overall financial position of the company. In other words, it provides the companys financial position i.e. whether the company is in position to clear its liabilities. It also helps in analyzing the capital position of the company. There are three ratios, which a company uses to measure its solvency of the organization. These are equity ratio, debt ratio and debt to equity ratio. The current ratio of One Tel for the year 1999 and 2000 are as follows: Calculation of current ratio for the year 2000 Total Current asset for the year 2000 = 628.1 Total Current liability for the year 2000 =375.2 Current ratio = current assets/ current liabilities =628.1/375.2 =1.67 Calculation of current ratio for the year 1999 Total Current asset for the year 1999 =296.2 Total Current liability for the year 1999 =84.9 Current ratio=current assets/current liabilities =296.2/84.9 =3.49 The three different types of solvency ratio of the company One Tel for the year 1999 and 2000 are as below: Calculation of debt ratio of the company for the year 2000 Total assets for the year 2000 =1435.5 Total liabilities for the year 2000 =490.7 Debt ratio= total liabilities/total assets =490.7/1435.5 =0.34 Calculation of debt ratio of the company for the year 1999 Total assets for the year 1999 =526 Total liabilities for the year 1999 =163 Debt ratio=total liabilities/total assets =163/526 =0.31 Calculation of equity ratio of the company for the year 2000 Total equity for the year 2000 =944.8 Total assets for the year 2000 =1435.5 Equity ratio=total equity/total assets =944.8/1435.5 =0.66 Calculation of equity ratio of the company for the year 1999 Total equity for the year 1999 =363 Total assets for the year 1999 =526 Equity ratio=total equity/total assets =363/526 =0.69 Calculation of debt-equity ratio of the company for the year 2000 Total debt for the year 2000 =490.7 Total equity for the year 2000 =944.8 Debt- equity ratio= total debt/total equity =490.7/944.8 =0.52 Calculation of debt-equity ratio of the company for the year 1999 Total debt for the year 1999 =163 Total equity for the year 1999 =363 Debt- equity ratio=total debt/total equity =163/363 =0.45 The profitability ratio gives the idea of companys profit and loss. The company operates mainly to earn profit. It provides the detail whether the company has performed efficiently or not, whether the company incurred sufficient profit or not. It is important for a company to incur sufficient amount of profit during the year so that it can run its business smoothly in the future. If the company does not earn sufficient profit then it will be difficult for the company to run its business. Some of the common ratios, which a company uses to ascertain its profitability during the year, are return on assets, return on capital employed, return on equity, and so on. The only matter of concern in this report is the profitability ratio of the company. In the year 2000, the company has met with a heavy loss, due to which all the positive return of the company change into negative return. After analyzing the cash flow statement of the company, it can be concluded that the company has failed to generate enough cash to meet its operational expenses. Due to which the cash funds of the company becomes short and the company has to continue its operation by using its retained earnings and additional capital funding so that they can issue new shares in the market. After analyzing the whole case this report concludes that though the company is suffering from net loss and shortage of funds, it has sufficient assets to meet its liabilities. Therefore, One.Tel can be considered as a medium going concern. References:- Beasley, M., Elder, R. and Arens, A., 2012. Auditing and assurance services. Bratten, B., Gaynor, L.M., McDaniel, L., Montague, N.R. and Sierra, G.E., 2013. The audit of fair values and other estimates: The effects of underlying environmental, task, and auditor-specific factors.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,32(sp1), pp.7-44 Carey, P., Knechel, W.R. and Tanewski, G., 2013. Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Auditing of Forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit Private and Notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit Companies in Australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(1), pp.43-53. Carson, E., Redmayne, N.B. and Liao, L., 2014. Audit Market Structure and Competition in Australia.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), pp.298-312. Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G. and Wright, A., 2014. Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: the experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors.CFOs, and External Auditors (May 30, 2014) Ferguson, C., Pinnuck, M. and Skinner, D.J., 2014. The evolution of audit market structure and the emergence of the Big 4: Evidence from Australia.Chicago Booth Research Paper, (14-13). Hay, D., Stewart, J. and Botica Redmayne, N., 2016. The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis.Available at SSRN 2838066. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013. Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed Kunz, R., Josset, D., Scholtz, H., Motholo, V., Graeme, O.R., Penning, G. and Rudman, R., 2014. Auditing Assurance: Principles Practice. Lye, J., Dunn, L., Kenny, J., Lehmann, J., Kron, T., Oliver, C., Butler, D., Alves, A., Johnston, P., Franich, R. and Williams, I., 2014. Remote auditing of radiotherapy facilities using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters.Medical physics,41(3), p.032102. Moroney, R., Campbell, F., Hamilton, J. and Warren, V., 2014.Auditing: A Practical Approach. Wiley Global Education. Mygind, L., Bentsen, P., Badland, H., Edwards, N., Hooper, P. and Villanueva, K., 2016. Public open space desktop auditing toolEstablishing appropriateness for use in Australian regional and urban settings.Urban Forestry Urban Greening,20, pp.65-70. Parker, R.H., 2013.Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting): Historical Essays(Vol. 58). Routledge. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge

Management of Organizations Singapore Mass Rapid Train

Questions: 1. Does your organization have a defined communications strategy for communicating important information and for listening to organizational members? If so, describe the communications strategy. If not, describe the emergent communications strategy, i.e. how messages are typically communicated in your organization?2. Describe the culture of the organization. How has this culture emerged and what kind of work climate has it created? If you had the chance, how would you change the culture of the organization? Answers: 1. Communication Strategy can be defined as a process that has the objective to achieve long term strategic goals of an organization ensuring effective planning of the message and allowing communication over long distances to reach a global network. Strategic communication also relates to internal and external communication processes in a work environment. Writing down an effective communication strategy is very useful for listening to organizational members because it helps to achieve overall organizational objectives. The process also helps to demonstrate the success of our work. Any communication strategy should match with the overall organizational plan and look for the aims and objectives stating the overall vision of organization (Bhattacharya, Sarkar and Bhattacharya, 2010). Communication strategy followed in SMRT: Due to lack of poor communication strategy the SMRT train services disrupted on 15 December 2011 (Burrus, 2010). Such a crisis led to anger and resentment among employees and commuters. This led to mismanagement of working conditions and since then there had been an increase in taxi fares. This incident increased the dependency on train services. There was no plan initiated in the organization to create awareness in the social networking sites as well. But the company had strong relations with government authorities and got strong support from Land and transport Authority. These incidents can depict the level of unsatisfactory management responses and lack of media support as well. This should clearly highlight that SMRT lack about managing relations and how to focus on strategies at the time of crisis (Jones, 2008). There was a need of integrating the ticketing system in the form of a common Transit Link Pte Ltd to develop other aspects of the system as well including fare integrati on, network integration and information integration as well. It was also seen that a common ticketing system was developed for use to entertain cashless transactions. The network integration required improvement in productivity from all the operators resulting in better service of commuters. Communication Strategy that needs to be followed in the organization: The communication strategy that needs to be implemented by the company is The Command, Control and Communication (C3) system for the railway extension under supervisory control systems. The C3 system allows a complete integration of the operation system and also facilitates a system of Decision support system in the organization. This system enables a modular software integrated operation that allows a complete operational structure. The C3 system runs on a software application program that helps to minimize life cycle cost as well. The C3 system has the following added advantages as well. The system ensures a friendly interface and secured system of work. It also helps to take necessary decisions and runs over a standard COTS hardware and software so that all the necessary data can be maintained easily. The system also supports cost effective solution from operational perspective. This system runs on Integrated Automatic train supervision (Pal Singh Toor, 2008). Other communication systems that SMRT should initiate to enhance the system configuration are: Transmission systems: this acts like a backbone of any communication channel so that data can be shared from one point to other. CCTV system: This is a type of optical fiber network that helps to monitor and control the various activities through a camera. Radio communication systems: these help to coordinate and communicate with the personnel and train drivers working and various other control positions are controlled. 2. SMRT lack organizational excellence and there was no work standards and culture maintained. Therefore the company lacked how to manage risks and minimize costs so that they can maintain higher level of security and safety. Therefore it was necessary for SMRT to take strategic initiatives in four main areas that could help them to reorganize their structure. The areas are strategic planning, productivity and effectivity, risk management and processes and structures. SMRT should build and develop a corporate strategy map in place to clearly identify and define strategic objectives and align work plans according to it. This helps employees to acknowledge themselves with more responsibilities (Parente, 2006). The company is also trying to improve and achieve international standards to enrich stakeholders performances. SMRT is also initiating a service excellence framework that can help to enhance productivity and efficiency. This framework will help to contribute in ensuring high level of customer experience and quality of services given to them that would strengthen organizational resilience and ensure effective service culture of SMRT. Work Climate at SMRT: SMRT works with a vision of moving people, enhancing lives. This statement signifies that to work according to customer centric approach by winning the hearts and minds of its customers. The company aimed to adhere by the peoples choice by providing three important elements to the customers: The company should launch organization wide campaign in Service Excellence. It was necessary to build trust and bring smiles to every passenger who travels along with them. The work climate should also ensure to provide effective training modules and reward them with incentives. Service excellence awards should be developed to acknowledge those workers as outstanding role models. The company also aims to improve all the service touch points to engage more number of passengers; this can be enhanced by improving the design and layout of the stations. Also social media can be utilized in this segment to obtain feedback directly and so that the company can develop working on it (Stampley, 2008). The work climate at SMRT provided a good career path for its employees. The company provided the new employees with lots of opportunities that helped them to develop themselves with more advance prospects of career and development. There was availability of good pay package and bonus. Incentives added the scale those who performed well. There was a lot of trust in the employees and other staff that enabled employees to give more flexibility to work and delegated higher authority at supervisory level also. A part that was lacking was outdated HR policies being maintained by the company. Therefore it was the sole responsibility to update that along with network system prevailing in Singapore. Changing the culture of the organization: Changing an organizations culture is very difficult to be implemented in an organization. Because it is comprised of integrated set of processes, roles, objectives, practices and other valued assumptions added to act as a mutual reinforcing system. This part acts as a strong organizational tool to integrate and enhance the level of productivity and results as well. The present work culture can be improved and enhanced by following few simple steps: Evaluating current culture and performance: This is mainly done by focusing on critical performance priorities like growth, customer satisfaction. It is also important to identify behavioral strengths which can provide full potential to the organization. Clarifying initial vision: to improve results it is important to define vision and this can help to build an effective work culture that helps to define values strengths and eradicate weaknesses. Clarifying strategic priorities: the strategic priorities must be effectively shared by the organization so that the initial steps are identified and can be critically evaluated. Engage employees with SMART goals: the company must use smart goals to utilize extensive feedback and define necessary objectives required to build strategic priorities (Chan, Fung and Yau, 2009). To maintain a management system for goals and priorities: this system enables to focus on additional priorities as well and results can be withdrawn from it. To manage communication habits and routines: there should be two way communications maintained to clarify plans, answer questions and stop rumors being spread in the organization. References Aurand, H. (2003).Coalcracker culture. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. Bhattacharya, A., Sarkar, S. and Bhattacharya, R. (2010). An alternative search strategy for interstellar communication.Indian Journal of Physics, 84(5), pp.511-515. Burrus, D. (2010). Collaboration and communication tools to implement radical management.Strategy Leadership, 38(6). Chan, K., Fung, H. and Yau, J. (2009). Business Ethics Research: A Global Perspective.Journal of Business Ethics, 95(1), pp.39-53. Ip, P. (2009). Business Ethics and the Well-Being of Nations Is There a Connection?.Journal of Business Ethics, 95(1), pp.97-110. Jones, P. (2008).Communicating strategy. Aldershot: Gower. Krajicek, J. (2008). Effective Communication Is "Hitched to Everything in the (Business) Universe".Business Communication Quarterly, 71(3), pp.369-373. Pal Singh Toor, T. (2008). Building effective service management system.Business Strategy Series, 10(1), pp.61-67. Parente, D. (2006).Advertising campaign strategy. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Paris, T. (2007). Organisation, processus et structures de la cration.Culture prospective, 5(5), p.1. Smrt.com.sg, (2015).Home. [online] Available at: https://www.smrt.com.sg/ [Accessed 3 Mar. 2015]. Stampley, C. (2008). Social Workers' Culture-Based Countertransferences.Journal of Ethnic Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 17(1), pp.37-59.

Marketing Plan for a New Cardiac Center

Introduction The target market for the proposed cardiac center is Dammam city in Saudi Arabia. This is given the fact that there is lack of a cardiac center in the region. The proposed cardiac center will offer services addressing cardiac problems and complications, advice to patients and simple surgical procedures to people of all ages. Even if the new cardiac center will be located at Dammam city, it is noted that it may attract patients and professionals from other parts of the country.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan for a New Cardiac Center specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report is going to address issues surrounding the establishment of the proposed cardiac center in the city. The report will cover several aspects of this new venture. Dammam is a small city in Saudi Arabia. It is the capital city of Eastern Province in this country. According to Armstrong et al. (2009), the town is the economic hub of the world’s most oil-rich region. As far as size is concerned, Dammam is third after Riyadh and Jeddah. Historians are of the view that the city was initially inhabited by an Al Dossary clan as far back as the early 1920s. The inhabitants were immigrants from neighboring Bahrain. The developments in this region are attributed to the huge oil deposits that were discovered there in the 1940s and 1950s. The oil deposits account for about 25 percent of the total oil deposits in the world. There is no specialized cardiac center in Dammam city. People are forced to travel for long distances to find such services. The purpose of this marketing plan is to address issues revolving around the setting up of a new cardiac center in Dammam city. It is noted that it is not fair to have patients travel very far in search of healthcare. This is the idea behind this proposal. It is aimed at addressing or alleviating the problems that people in this and surrounding regions fac e trying to access quality health care. The proposed cardiac center is named Tabibu Hospital. Tabibu hospital is a small hospital located at the center of Dammam city. Although it is a small facility, it is noted that Tabibu Cardiac Center will have the facilities that are needed to cater for the health needs of the population in the city and surrounding areas. The hospital will have 50 beds which even though not sufficient for the large population of the city, will help in providing the much needed treatment for cardiac conditions. The hospital is expected to serve the whole of Dammam city as far as cardiac cases are concerned. So far, the premises are ready. This means that the investors already have the physical facilities needed to establish the hospital. The organization has received funding from two donors who are willing to support the establishment of the facility. Additionally, the government has agreed to provide a loan through the Saudi Arabian National Bank.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mission Statement The mission statement of this cardiac center is: Provide quality and affordable services to the residents of Dammam and surrounding areas with the aim of reducing the number of cardiac complications and mortality rates. Services Offered The cardiac center intends to offer a myriad of services both to the patient and to the community in Dammam and Saudi Arabia as a whole. Tabibu hospital intends to offer services touching on cardiac consultations and advice, Electro- Cardio Graph examination (ECG), diagnosis of cardiac problems, cardiac catheterization, pacemaker insertion and other basic surgery services. It is noted that consultation and offering advice to the patients and to the members of the community as a whole are the major services that will be provided by expert cardiologists. The cardiac center has five of them already engaged (Hiam, 2009). Advice will be given by the doctors and the nurses during patient visits. Diagnosis will only be done by a cardiologist after thorough examination. The thorough examination will include an ECG and consultations with other doctors. The organization already has an ECG machine which is operated by an expert in this field. This means that operating the machine is not a problem. It is however noted that there is a pressing need for a sophisticated and ultra- modern machine for the hospital. There is need for another person or another specialist to assist the current machine operator. Catheterization, insertion of pacemakers and other minor surgeries will be done by the team of cardiologists, anesthetists and surgical nurses. It is noted that the cancer center can use specialists from other hospitals. Anesthetists from other hospitals will be used in case the three employed by the organization are occupied or unavailable. There is also the need to have a day bed facility in the cardiac center. The center will have a day bed for the less serious patients who need supervision for a day or a few hours. However, there will also be facilities for those patients needing closer attention for a prolonged period of time. The 50 beds will be used for patients who need supervision for a longer period of time. The cardiac center will also work together with other hospitals in dealing with very serious cases. The very serious cases will be referred to larger hospitals with better facilities. There is need to transfer patients from this hospital to another and to bring the patient to the hospital in case of medical emergencies. For the purposes of emergency and transfer of critical patients, the cardiac center is planning to buy an ambulance soon after opening. Plans are also underway to acquire land where the cardiac center can construct a bigger hospital.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Plan for a New Cardiac Center specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The number of beds will need to be increased to about 100 in 3 months. Another service that will be offered by the proposed Tabibu cardiac center will be open heart surgery. This is another service that the center would like to offer at least a year after obtaining land. The services are to be charged as follows: Consultation and advice – $90 ECG – $100 Cardiac catheterization – $200 Pacemaker insertion – $300 Basic surgery – between $ 900- $ 2000Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These charges are inclusive of bed where applicable. The drug charges will be determined separately after prescription. The prices are however subject to review after more research is carried out after Tabibu begins offering services. This means that the prices can be reviewed either upwards or downwards depending on the findings of the assessments carried out. The charges may vary depending on the prevailing market conditions that will determine the cost of inputs such as drugs used during operation. Market According to recent census records, 30% of Dammam population is composed of two major groups. The first group is the very old who are aged 70 years and above and the second group is the very young aged 10 years and below. 5% of the population is made up of obese people and most men are smokers. All these are factors that predispose the population to a myriad of cardiac problems (Gilligan Wilson, 2009). All of these people are vulnerable to cardiac conditions such as heart failu re as a result of their age and their lifestyle. There is evidently the need for a cardiac center to cater for the populations’ cardiac needs. This is through the provision of advice, treatment and early diagnosis of cardiac conditions so that prompt treatment can be provided. The most vulnerable members of the population need periodic screening to ensure that cardiac conditions are detected early enough. This is the only way that the conditions can be dealt with effectively. Since most of the inhabitants of Dammam city are middle working class, it is noted that they will be able to pay for the services offered by the cardiac center. This is keeping in mind the fact that the cardiac center will save them the trouble and inconveniences of traveling to other places to search for medical care. However, just like any other society, Dammam city has a number of people who are poor. For the minority poor population, the cardiac center has liaised with various government agencies so that they can be offered quality services at subsidized prices. This collaboration with government agencies and other stakeholders will also go a long way in offering emergency services due to the close location of our services to the consumer. For instance, if a person falls sick at night, it will be easier to bring them to the hospital which is closer than flying them all the way to other facilities across or outside town. In terms of quality of service, the hospital has qualified members of staff in all the fields. There are also a few positions open for the people in Dammam city as a token of appreciation after they accepted to host the cardiac center. Currently there are no direct competitors in this city apart from a small training center which occasionally offers such services. Advertisement will be done to sensitize the people on the availability of services. This is especially so considering that many people are unaware of the availability of services in the hospitals. This is despite of the critical role that the cardiac center will play in their lives. Factors that usually affect the market of other services will not apply in the case of this hospital. For example, factors like seasons will not affect the market as it does not determine in any way when and where people get sick. There is no correlation between falling sick and season. This is unlike other services such as tourism which are dependent on weather patterns in European and American nations. However, the poor people and those in the rural areas may find it difficult to reach the hospital. To address this problem and avail the services conveniently, the hospital plans to offer mobile clinics where basic services like advice and consultations can be provided. With time the hospital will seek for funding from some of the stakeholders so as to open branches in nearby towns. The management has also consulted one of the hospitals in the region which offers mobile clinics. This is to enable Tabi bu cardiac center to join them on their excursions. This will definitely help in reaching the market (Kotler et al., 2008). Competition As mentioned earlier in this report, there is no cardiac center in Dammam and thus competition will be from other cardiac centers located far from Dammam city. Location is thus an advantage on the part of the cardiac center. It is noted that in cases of emergencies, the first choice for the residents will be Tabibu Hospital. From the local authorities, the management got information that people are not happy with the services offered by the hospital near this city. As a result, the people are forced to travel very far in search of medical services. The opening of a cardiac center near them will be welcomed. It is also noted that culture or the people’s way of life can be a source of competition. However in this case, culture as indirect competition will not be there. But several legal requirements are yet to be met (Godin, 2009). That is bein g taken care of by the insurance company. The Environmental Impact Assessment that has been done in the area showed that expansion will be problematic. The report does not provide for the expansion of the hospital as it will increase the amount of waste emitted into the environment. As a result, the cardiac center plans to use the local council in finding a bio- digester so the waste problem can be addressed once and for all. The hospital could face socio- economic competition from a small percentage of the population and the significance of this is possible decline of profits (Gilligan Wilson, 2009). As already indicated in the paper, there is a training college within the area that should be taken into consideration when analyzing competition. The training college in the area may be an indirect source of competition. The college trains cardiologists and sometimes holds mobile clinics where they look at some of the cardiac cases before transferring them to their main hospital in a nearby city. The training college offers transport to the patient but they do not pay for the treatment. This is the major weakness that Tabibu hospital will capitalize on probably through subsidized fees. After carrying out independent research, Tabibu hospital has realized that most cardiac cases are serious. To this end, the hospital has a location advantage over the competitors (Hiam, 2009). The new cardiac center project is likely to succeed because its strengths surpass its weaknesses. It involves the introduction of services that are not currently available and hence acceptable to the community. The project brings with it accessible services. The hospital has a strong and positive relationship with the relevant authorities that deals with the poor members of the society. This will help in off- setting the medical bills of such patients. The hospital also offers high quality services with the help of highly qualified personnel. The hospital has technologically advanced equipm ents (Kotler et al., 2008). The management however foresees a few difficulties in some areas. This is for example difficulties in reaching people in the rural areas, access to capital, pricing and space. The latter is to allow for the expansion of the facility. The hospital has about 30% of the current budget and needs a lot of money to be able to offer good services. The rest of the budget (70 percent) is yet to be financed. Pricing Price is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal pricing variables are expenses involving capital, research, labor, distribution, utilities and all other costs (Armstrong et al., 2009). According to Godin (2009), capital is the amount of money invested in the business and all assets that the hospital owns. This is for example all the machines that the hospital will buy. Labor in this case will include the total amount of time that staff members spend in the hospital including overtime. Kotler et al. (2008) says that distribution is th e ways through which the services will reach the consumer. This is for instance hiring people to disseminate information about the services offered through word of mouth, media advertising among others. Utilities in this case are bills that are incurred through mandatory expenses like water, electricity, transport, advertising for business promotion, purchase of daily supplies like syringes, bandages and telephone bills among others (Phillip, 2009). External variables to be considered during pricing include prices of the competitors in the market. With time, prices are bound to be revised depending on the market’s growth rate. However, customer needs will be put in mind so that the hospital does not push customers away due to overpriced services (Godin, 2009). The hospital is not intending to incur losses. There are deliberate efforts to price services in a way that will make the consumers comfortable while at the same time making it possible to smoothly run the hospital and offer quality services. It is for this reason that the hospital has proposed strategies to price products (Kotler et al., 2008). In the process, it will be able to know whether it is making a profit or incurring losses and take necessary actions. This is a process that will take some time and needs a lot of research and careful planning which will be done by qualified marketers. For the sake of simplicity, the management could trust the leader and price products in the same way. In such a case, it will find out how much the best and most popular hospital charges for similar services and use the same criteria. They probably followed the same procedure during pricing of their products. Tabibu could also price the products higher than the competitors in order to understand how much the customers are willing and able to pay. It should however be noted that pricing services higher or lower than the competitors will be for a short period as a way of testing the market. There will be revie w of prices after we have properly assessed the market. Basically, the above are just pricing processes but after sometime, the prices will be calculated by multiplying total cost with the mark- up percentage to get the retail price (Armstrong et al., 2008). Distribution This is the way through which the available services reach the consumer or the market (Kotler et al., 2008). In our case, we intend to use various methods ranging from advertising to creating a good image. Advertising will be done by our public relations’ officer through the local media channels, the internet and the local newspaper. Since our services are to be provided to a wide range of customers, media advertising will be done through television and radio. We are to publish a website containing all the information like the services offered and how to contact us (Gilligan Wilson, 2009). The prices will however not be stated in the website to avoid being taken advantage of by our customers. The very first thing that attracts anyone to a product is the image (Hiam, 2009). We are aiming at creating a beautiful logo that will attract our customers especially when doing internet marketing. The same logo will appear on the business cards. The most effective method in our case is to hire marketers who will then spread information about the services offered by word of mouth. For the purposes of saving on expenses, we will buy supplies in bulk (Godin, 2009). We have located a nearby warehouse where we can store supplies of non-perishables goods like disinfectants, soaps, brooms, bandages and syringes among others. This will help in saving space in the already crammed hospital. The warehouse is in a clean, secure and accessible location. Promotion Mix We intend to use local television networks, local newspapers, leaflets, radio and internet to market our products. Having a healthy nation is the mission of our hospital. The hospital will be located in a quiet suburb in Dammam city. A hotline w ill be provided so that our staff can go and provide the necessary services or give advice on what to do through the hotline. We need about $ 100,000 for the first year for advertisement. There will be production of leaflets with information about our services, contacts and location. The leaflets’ and posters’ production will cost about $10,000, newspaper adverts will cost $50000 and the rest will cost approximately $39000 for a whole year. There will be an opening party for the hospital where we will invite the businessmen and offer free cardiac services during the day including the use of public address. Sales Forecasting Our market covers the people in the middle and higher classes. About 90% of the population is literate and thus able to understand what we will be offering. We aim at providing quality services at reasonable rates. For the small percentage that is poor, we have a special way of dealing with their payments through the social worker at the hospital. W e have spoken to the relevant government authorities and they are willing to help foot the hospital bill of the people who need the service but are unable to pay for it. It difficult to forecast sales in this case (Hiam, 2009) but it is important so as to know how many employees are required and when. It is also important to determine the combination of promotional mix to be used and supplies to buy. Kotler et al. (2008) suggests micro and macro forecasting as the suitable methods for doing this. Macro- forecasting involves making deductions on what will happen in the market depending on total market price. Micro- forecasting is done on specific services offered. The above however depends on the availability of information, timing, position of service at the life cycle and accuracy. The more accurate the forecast is the higher the costs. It is hard to make a forecast when a product is on its introductory phase than when it is in its maturity phase (Gilligan Wilson, 2009). Precise f orecasts can be made when the business has being operating for a long time. A more precise method would be to conduct this at least a year after the commencement of services in order to improve accuracy. We have also planned to make this a requirement at the end of every year to know how far we have gone. Action Plan According to Armstrong et al. (2009), there are various marketing strategies. In this case, market dominance is the most appropriate considering our target market of Dammam city population. We can use the 3Cs model developed by Kenich Ohmae (Gilligan Wilson, 2009) where we focus on the corporation, customer and competitors. For the corporation (hospital in this case), we strategize with an aim of maximizing our strengths against our competitors. This should be done is such a way that we also consider the cost effectiveness of what our suppliers offer and the customer paying a minimal fee for the services offered. The next C is for customer who is a very important perso n to the business. We thus have the responsibility of ensuring that the customer is satisfied in all ways and has a reason to use our services again. The prices of our services will be minimal and the quality of the services high. We will continue to ensure this happens through occasional in- service training of our staff especially those who come into contact with the customers. We will also keep advertising and employ extra members of staff who are skilled. The next C is for competitors who are the greatest threat to any business. We have done a thorough research on what our competitors offer, how they do it, their strengths and weaknesses. With this knowledge, we can avoid making the same mistakes and capitalize on their weaknesses. One of the advantages we have over them is that we have concentrated on cardiac services making us able to provide better services. Location is another advantage we have over our competitors. Being in a position to offer services to a customer when ne eded will go a long way as a market strategy. After implementing the 3P’s we will then use the 4C’s proposed by Jerome McCarthy in our marketing strategy (Kotler et al., 2008). The first P is for product or in this case, our services. Apparently, products go through a cycle of growth and every marketer should be aware of this. In our case, I would say after intensive treatment and information, cases of cardiac conditions may reduce and we may have to do a service mix to cater for the income. The next P is for pricing which should be adapted to cater for all areas of the business. Promotion is what is denoted by the next P and this involves advertising, personal selling and other ways of promoting the business. The means of doing promotions should be appropriate depending on the market. The last P is for place meaning that services should be provided when required and where required. The ambulance and hospital van will be used for this purpose. Either one of the two str ategies will be used but the first one is more preferable. Production Fluctuations are bound to occur due to the nature of our services. From the research carried out, we have concluded that demand is almost impossible to predict. Production will be leveled by volume. This is where we make a record based on which days are busiest and how many patients we expect to serve. On such a day, we make sure that we have enough staff and perishable and non- perishable supplies. This will ensure smooth operation and provision of services and also reduce wastage in terms of man power and perishable supplies. We plan to use demand leveling. Here, we can manipulate demand. In some cases, treatment is not an emergency. For instance, a customer who needs the insertion of a pacemaker can take some time. We can ask the patients with certain conditions to be seeing the doctors on certain days. This way, we save on salaries paid to part time staff members hired only on demand. As discussed above, we wi ll at times use local people in the hospital. Using local labor is cheaper than imported labor. This is given that no costs are incurred in importing it. Table 1: Simple Budget for Tabibu Hospital for the Year 2011 Income Expenses Grants $100000 Loans $97000 Donations $45000 Suppliers- $198000 Equipment- $200000 Doctors’ salary- $195000 Nurses’ salaries- $82500 Other personnel- $95000 Utilities- $90000 Totals $242 000 $860500 References Armstrong, G., Harker, M., Kotler, P., Brennan, R. (2009). Marketing: An introduction. New York: Prentice Hall. Gilligan, C., Wilson, R. M. (2009). Strategic marketing planning. Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heineman Publishers. Godin, S. (2009). All marketers are liars: The power of telling authentic stories in a low trust world. Chicago: Prentice Hall. Hiam, A. (2009). Marketing for dummies. New York: John Wiley and Sons Publishers. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Wong, V., Saunders, A. J. (2008). Principles of marketi ng. New York: Pearson Education. Phillip, K. (2009). Marketing insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 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